ICD-10-CM Deficiency, deficient References
"Deficiency, deficient" Annotation Back-References in the ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries
Browse the ICD-10-CM codes with references applicable to the clinical term "deficiency, deficient"
- Deficiency, deficient
- 11-hydroxylase - E25.0 Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
- 21-hydroxylase - E25.0 Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
- 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase - E25.0 Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
- 5-alpha reductase (with male pseudohermaphroditism) - E29.1 Testicular hypofunction
- AADC (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) - E70.81 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
- abdominal muscle syndrome - Q79.4 Prune belly syndrome
- AC globulin (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- accelerator globulin (Ac G) (blood) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acid phosphatase - E83.39 Other disorders of phosphorus metabolism
- acid sphingomyelinase (ASMD) - E75.249 Niemann-Pick disease, unspecified
- activating factor (blood) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- ADA2 (adenosine deaminase 2) - D81.32 Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
- adenosine deaminase (ADA) - D81.30 Adenosine deaminase deficiency, unspecified
- partial (type 1) - D81.39 Other adenosine deaminase deficiency
- specified NEC - D81.39 Other adenosine deaminase deficiency
- type 1 (without SCID) (without severe combined immunodeficiency) - D81.39 Other adenosine deaminase deficiency
- type 2 - D81.32 Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
- with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) - D81.31 Severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency
- aldolase (hereditary) - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
- alpha-1-antitrypsin - E88.01 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
- amino-acids - E72.9 Disorder of amino-acid metabolism, unspecified
- anemia - See: Anemia;
- aneurin - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
- antibody with
- antidiuretic hormone - E23.2 Diabetes insipidus
- anti-hemophilic
- antithrombin (antithrombin III) - D68.59 Other primary thrombophilia
- aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) - E70.81 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
- ascorbic acid - E54 Ascorbic acid deficiency
- attention (disorder) (syndrome) - F98.8 Other specified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence
- with hyperactivity - See: Disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity;
- autoprothrombin
- beta-glucuronidase - E76.29 Other mucopolysaccharidoses
- biotin - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- biotin-dependent carboxylase - D81.819 Biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiency, unspecified
- biotinidase - D81.810 Biotinidase deficiency
- brancher enzyme (amylopectinosis) - E74.03 Cori disease
- C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) - D84.1 Defects in the complement system
- calciferol - E55.9 Vitamin D deficiency, unspecified
- with
- adult osteomalacia - M83.8 Other adult osteomalacia
- rickets - See: Rickets;
- with
- calcium (dietary) - E58 Dietary calcium deficiency
- calorie, severe - E43 Unspecified severe protein-calorie malnutrition
- cardiac - See: Insufficiency, myocardial;
- carnitine - E71.40 Disorder of carnitine metabolism, unspecified
- carotene - E50.9 Vitamin A deficiency, unspecified
- central nervous system - G96.89 Other specified disorders of central nervous system
- ceruloplasmin (Wilson) - E83.01 Wilson's disease
- choline - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- Christmas factor - D67 Hereditary factor IX deficiency
- chromium - E61.4 Chromium deficiency
- chronic neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase - E75.244 Niemann-Pick disease type A/B
- chronic visceral acid sphingomyelinase - E75.241 Niemann-Pick disease type B
- clotting (blood) - See Also: Deficiency, coagulation factor; - D68.9 Coagulation defect, unspecified
- clotting factor NEC (hereditary) - See Also: Deficiency, factor; - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- coagulation NOS - D68.9 Coagulation defect, unspecified
- acquired (any) - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- antepartum hemorrhage - See: Hemorrhage, antepartum, with coagulation defect;
- clotting factor NEC - See Also: Deficiency, factor; - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- due to
- newborn, transient - P61.6 Other transient neonatal disorders of coagulation
- postpartum - O72.3 Postpartum coagulation defects
- specified NEC - D68.8 Other specified coagulation defects
- with
- cognitive - F09 Unspecified mental disorder due to known physiological condition
- color vision - H53.50 Unspecified color vision deficiencies
- combined glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
- contact factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- copper (nutritional) - E61.0 Copper deficiency
- corticoadrenal - E27.40 Unspecified adrenocortical insufficiency
- primary - E27.1 Primary adrenocortical insufficiency
- craniofacial axis - Q75.009 Craniosynostosis unspecified
- cyanocobalamin - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- debrancher enzyme (limit dextrinosis) - E74.03 Cori disease
- dehydrogenase
- diet - E63.9 Nutritional deficiency, unspecified
- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) - E88.89 Other specified metabolic disorders
- disaccharidase - E73.9 Lactose intolerance, unspecified
- edema - See: Malnutrition, severe;
- endocrine - E34.9 Endocrine disorder, unspecified
- energy-supply - See: Malnutrition;
- enzymes, circulating NEC - E88.09 Other disorders of plasma-protein metabolism, not elsewhere classified
- ergosterol - E55.9 Vitamin D deficiency, unspecified
- with
- adult osteomalacia - M83.8 Other adult osteomalacia
- rickets - See: Rickets;
- with
- essential fatty acid (EFA) - E63.0 Essential fatty acid [EFA] deficiency
- eye movements
- factor - See Also: Deficiency, coagulation;
- Hageman - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- I (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- II (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- IX (congenital) (functional) (hereditary) (with functional defect) - D67 Hereditary factor IX deficiency
- multiple (congenital) - D68.8 Other specified coagulation defects
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- V (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- VII (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- VIII (congenital) (functional) (hereditary) (with functional defect) - D66 Hereditary factor VIII deficiency
- with vascular defect - See: Disease, von Willebrand;
- X (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- XI (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.1 Hereditary factor XI deficiency
- XII (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- XIII (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- femoral, proximal focal (congenital) - See: Defect, reduction, lower limb, longitudinal, femur;
- fibrinase - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- fibrinogen (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D65 Disseminated intravascular coagulation [defibrination syndrome]
- fibrin-stabilizing factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- folate - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- folic acid - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- foreskin - N47.3 Deficient foreskin
- fructokinase - E74.11 Essential fructosuria
- fructose 1,6-diphosphatase - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
- fructose-1-phosphate aldolase - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
- GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) transaminase - E72.81 Disorders of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism
- GABA-T (gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase) - E72.81 Disorders of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism
- galactokinase - E74.29 Other disorders of galactose metabolism
- galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase - E74.29 Other disorders of galactose metabolism
- gammaglobulin in blood - D80.1 Nonfamilial hypogammaglobulinemia
- hereditary - D80.0 Hereditary hypogammaglobulinemia
- glass factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- glucocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
- mineralocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
- glucose transporter protein type 1 - E74.810 Glucose transporter protein type 1 deficiency
- glucose-6-phosphatase - E74.01 von Gierke disease
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glucuronyl transferase - E80.5 Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- Glut1 - E74.810 Glucose transporter protein type 1 deficiency
- glycogen synthetase - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
- gonadotropin (isolated) - E23.0 Hypopituitarism
- growth hormone (idiopathic) (isolated) - E23.0 Hypopituitarism
- Hageman factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- hemoglobin - D64.9 Anemia, unspecified
- hepatophosphorylase - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
- homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - E70.29 Other disorders of tyrosine metabolism
- hormone
- hypoxanthine- (guanine)-phosphoribosyltransferase (HG- PRT) (total H-PRT) - E79.1 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- immunity - D84.9 Immunodeficiency, unspecified
- cell-mediated - D84.89 Other immunodeficiencies
- with thrombocytopenia and eczema - D82.0 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- combined - D81.9 Combined immunodeficiency, unspecified
- humoral - D80.9 Immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects, unspecified
- IgA (secretory) - D80.2 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A [IgA]
- IgG - D80.3 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin G [IgG] subclasses
- IgM - D80.4 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin M [IgM]
- cell-mediated - D84.89 Other immunodeficiencies
- immuno - See: Immunodeficiency;
- immunoglobulin, selective
- infantile neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase - E75.240 Niemann-Pick disease type A
- inositol (B complex) - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- intrinsic
- iodine - E61.8 Deficiency of other specified nutrient elements
- congenital syndrome - See: Syndrome, iodine-deficiency, congenital;
- iron - E61.1 Iron deficiency
- anemia - D50.9 Iron deficiency anemia, unspecified
- kalium - E87.6 Hypokalemia
- kappa-light chain - D80.8 Other immunodeficiencies with predominantly antibody defects
- labile factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- lacrimal fluid (acquired) - See Also: Syndrome, dry eye;
- congenital - Q10.6 Other congenital malformations of lacrimal apparatus
- lactase
- Laki-Lorand factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- LCAD (long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.310 Long chain/very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase - E78.6 Lipoprotein deficiency
- lipocaic - K86.89 Other specified diseases of pancreas
- lipoprotein (familial) (high density) - E78.6 Lipoprotein deficiency
- liver phosphorylase - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
- lysosomal alpha-1, 4 glucosidase - E74.02 Pompe disease
- lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2] - E74.05 Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2] deficiency
- magnesium - E61.2 Magnesium deficiency
- major histocompatibility complex
- manganese - E61.3 Manganese deficiency
- MCAD (medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.311 Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- menadione (vitamin K) - E56.1 Deficiency of vitamin K
- newborn - P53 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
- mental (familial) (hereditary) - See: Disability, intellectual;
- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) - E72.12 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency
- mevalonate kinase - M04.1 Periodic fever syndromes
- mineral NEC - E61.8 Deficiency of other specified nutrient elements
- mineralocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
- with glucocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
- molybdenum (nutritional) - E61.5 Molybdenum deficiency
- moral - F60.2 Antisocial personality disorder
- multiple nutrient elements - E61.7 Deficiency of multiple nutrient elements
- multiple sulfatase (MSD) - E75.26 Sulfatase deficiency
- muscle
- myoadenylate deaminase - E79.2 Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
- myocardial - See: Insufficiency, myocardial;
- myophosphorylase - E74.04 McArdle disease
- NADH diaphorase or reductase (congenital) - D74.0 Congenital methemoglobinemia
- NADH-methemoglobin reductase (congenital) - D74.0 Congenital methemoglobinemia
- natrium - E87.1 Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
- niacin (amide) (-tryptophan) - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
- nicotinamide - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
- nicotinic acid - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
- number of teeth - See: Anodontia;
- nutrient element - E61.9 Deficiency of nutrient element, unspecified
- nutrition, nutritional - See Also: Nutrition deficient; - E63.9 Nutritional deficiency, unspecified
- sequelae - See: Sequelae, nutritional deficiency;
- specified NEC - E63.8 Other specified nutritional deficiencies
- of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [DIRA] - M04.8 Other autoinflammatory syndromes
- ornithine transcarbamylase - E72.4 Disorders of ornithine metabolism
- ovarian - E28.39 Other primary ovarian failure
- oxygen - See: Anoxia;
- pantothenic acid - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- parathyroid (gland) - E20.9 Hypoparathyroidism, unspecified
- perineum (female) - N81.89 Other female genital prolapse
- phenylalanine hydroxylase - E70.1 Other hyperphenylalaninemias
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - E74.4 Disorders of pyruvate metabolism and gluconeogenesis
- phosphofructokinase - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
- phosphomannomutuse - E74.818 Other disorders of glucose transport
- phosphomannose isomerase - E74.818 Other disorders of glucose transport
- phosphomannosyl mutase - E74.818 Other disorders of glucose transport
- phosphorylase kinase, liver - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
- pituitary hormone (isolated) - E23.0 Hypopituitarism
- plasma thromboplastin
- plasminogen (type 1) (type 2) - E88.02 Plasminogen deficiency
- platelet NEC - D69.1 Qualitative platelet defects
- constitutional - See: Disease, von Willebrand;
- polyglandular - E31.8 Other polyglandular dysfunction
- autoimmune - E31.0 Autoimmune polyglandular failure
- potassium (K) - E87.6 Hypokalemia
- prepuce - N47.3 Deficient foreskin
- proaccelerin (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- proconvertin factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- protein - See Also: Malnutrition; - E46 Unspecified protein-calorie malnutrition
- prothrombin (congenital) (heredItary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- Prower factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- pseudocholinesterase - E88.09 Other disorders of plasma-protein metabolism, not elsewhere classified
- PTA (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) - D68.1 Hereditary factor XI deficiency
- PTC (plasma thromboplastin component) - D67 Hereditary factor IX deficiency
- purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) - D81.5 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase [PNP] deficiency
- pyracin (alpha) (beta) - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
- pyridoxal - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
- pyridoxamine - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
- pyridoxine (derivatives) - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
- pyruvate
- riboflavin (vitamin B2) - E53.0 Riboflavin deficiency
- salt - E87.1 Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
- SCAD (short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.312 Short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- secretion
- selenium (dietary) - E59 Dietary selenium deficiency
- serum antitrypsin, familial - E88.01 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
- short stature homeobox gene (SHOX)
- sodium (Na) - E87.1 Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
- SPCA (factor VII) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- sphincter, intrinsic - N36.42 Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)
- with urethral hypermobility - N36.43 Combined hypermobility of urethra and intrinsic sphincter deficiency
- stable factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
- Stuart-Prower (factor X) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase - E72.81 Disorders of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism
- sucrase - E74.39 Other disorders of intestinal carbohydrate absorption
- sulfatase - E75.26 Sulfatase deficiency
- sulfite oxidase - E72.19 Other disorders of sulfur-bearing amino-acid metabolism
- thiamin, thiaminic (chloride) - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
- thrombokinase - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
- newborn - P53 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
- thyroid (gland) - See: Hypothyroidism;
- tocopherol - E56.0 Deficiency of vitamin E
- tooth bud - K00.0 Anodontia
- transcobalamine II (anemia) - D51.2 Transcobalamin II deficiency
- vanadium - E61.6 Vanadium deficiency
- vascular - I99.9 Unspecified disorder of circulatory system
- vasopressin - E23.2 Diabetes insipidus
- vertical ridge - K06.8 Other specified disorders of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge
- viosterol - See: Deficiency, calciferol;
- vitamin (multiple) NOS - E56.9 Vitamin deficiency, unspecified
- A - E50.9 Vitamin A deficiency, unspecified
- sequelae - E64.1 Sequelae of vitamin A deficiency
- with
- Bitot's spot (corneal) - E50.1 Vitamin A deficiency with Bitot's spot and conjunctival xerosis
- follicular keratosis - E50.8 Other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
- keratomalacia - E50.4 Vitamin A deficiency with keratomalacia
- manifestations NEC - E50.8 Other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
- night blindness - E50.5 Vitamin A deficiency with night blindness
- scar of cornea, xerophthalmic - E50.6 Vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmic scars of cornea
- xeroderma - E50.8 Other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
- xerophthalmia - E50.7 Other ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
- xerosis
- B (complex) NOS - E53.9 Vitamin B deficiency, unspecified
- B1 NOS - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
- B12 - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- B2 (riboflavin) - E53.0 Riboflavin deficiency
- B6 - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
- C - E54 Ascorbic acid deficiency
- sequelae - E64.2 Sequelae of vitamin C deficiency
- D - E55.9 Vitamin D deficiency, unspecified
- E - E56.0 Deficiency of vitamin E
- folic acid - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- G - E53.0 Riboflavin deficiency
- group B - E53.9 Vitamin B deficiency, unspecified
- specified NEC - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- H (biotin) - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
- K - E56.1 Deficiency of vitamin K
- of newborn - P53 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
- nicotinic - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
- P - E56.8 Deficiency of other vitamins
- PP (pellagra-preventing) - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
- specified NEC - E56.8 Deficiency of other vitamins
- thiamin - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
- beriberi - See: Beriberi;
- A - E50.9 Vitamin A deficiency, unspecified
- VLCAD (very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.310 Long chain/very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- von Willebrand factor
- zinc, dietary - E60 Dietary zinc deficiency
Applicable Clinical Terms Definitions
Steroid 21-Hydroxylase: An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.
Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Biotin: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.
Biotinidase: An enzyme which catalyzes the release of BIOTIN from biocytin. In human, defects in the enzyme are the cause of the organic acidemia MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY or BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY.
Carnitine: A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.
Carotenoids: The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 4 terpene subunits.
Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Choline: A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.
Color Vision: Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm).
Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.
Ergosterol: A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS results in formation of ERGOCALCIFEROL (vitamin D2).
Eye Movements: Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Foreskin: The double-layered skin fold that covers the GLANS PENIS, the head of the penis.
Galactokinase: An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the formation of galactose 1-phosphate and ADP from ATP and D-galactose. Galactosamine can also act as the acceptor. A deficiency of this enzyme results in GALACTOSEMIA. EC 2.7.1.6.
Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
Glucose-6-Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate and water to D-glucose and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.9.
Hemoglobins: The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase: A mononuclear Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate, the third step in the pathway for the catabolism of TYROSINE. Deficiency in the enzyme causes ALKAPTONURIA, an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by homogentisic aciduria, OCHRONOSIS and ARTHRITIS. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.5 and EC 1.99.2.5.
Hormones: Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.
Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.
Iron: A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Lactase: An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.
Magnesium: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Major Histocompatibility Complex: The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the formation of L-TYROSINE, dihydrobiopterin, and water from L-PHENYLALANINE, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen. Deficiency of this enzyme may cause PHENYLKETONURIAS and PHENYLKETONURIA, MATERNAL. EC 1.14.16.1.
Pyridoxal: The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.
Pyridoxamine: The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate.
Bodily Secretions: Endogenous substances produced through the activity of intact cells of glands, tissues, or organs.
Sucrase: Digestive enzyme secreted in the INTESTINES. It catalyzes hydrolysis of SUCROSE to FRUCTOSE and GLUCOSE.
Sulfite Oxidase: A MOLYBDENUM requiring enzyme that catalyzes the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation of SULFUR AMINO ACIDS with the formation of a sulfate. A deficiency of sulfite oxidase results in sulfocysteinuria.
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.
Vasopressins: Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.
von Willebrand Factor: A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.