Deficiency, deficient - in the ICD-10-CM Index
Annotation Back-References in the 2025 ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries
Browse the ICD-10-CM codes with references applicable to the clinical term "deficiency, deficient"
Deficiency, deficient
11-hydroxylase - E25.0 Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
21-hydroxylase - E25.0 Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase - E25.0 Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
5-alpha reductase (with male pseudohermaphroditism) - E29.1 Testicular hypofunction
AADC (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) - E70.81 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
abdominal muscle syndrome - Q79.4 Prune belly syndrome
AC globulin (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
accelerator globulin (Ac G) (blood) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acid phosphatase - E83.39 Other disorders of phosphorus metabolism
acid sphingomyelinase (ASMD) - E75.249 Niemann-Pick disease, unspecified
activating factor (blood) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
ADA2 (adenosine deaminase 2) - D81.32 Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
adenosine deaminase (ADA) - D81.30 Adenosine deaminase deficiency, unspecified
partial (type 1) - D81.39 Other adenosine deaminase deficiency
specified NEC - D81.39 Other adenosine deaminase deficiency
type 1 (without SCID) (without severe combined immunodeficiency) - D81.39 Other adenosine deaminase deficiency
type 2 - D81.32 Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) - D81.31 Severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency
aldolase (hereditary) - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
alpha-1-antitrypsin - E88.01 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
amino-acids - E72.9 Disorder of amino-acid metabolism, unspecified
anemia - See: Anemia;
aneurin - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
antibody with
antidiuretic hormone - E23.2 Diabetes insipidus
anti-hemophilic
antithrombin (antithrombin III) - D68.59 Other primary thrombophilia
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) - E70.81 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
ascorbic acid - E54 Ascorbic acid deficiency
attention (disorder) (syndrome) - F98.8 Other specified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence
with hyperactivity - See: Disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity;
autoprothrombin
beta-glucuronidase - E76.29 Other mucopolysaccharidoses
biotin - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
biotin-dependent carboxylase - D81.819 Biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiency, unspecified
biotinidase - D81.810 Biotinidase deficiency
brancher enzyme (amylopectinosis) - E74.03 Cori disease
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) - D84.1 Defects in the complement system
calciferol - E55.9 Vitamin D deficiency, unspecified
with
adult osteomalacia - M83.8 Other adult osteomalacia
rickets - See: Rickets;
calcium (dietary) - E58 Dietary calcium deficiency
calorie, severe - E43 Unspecified severe protein-calorie malnutrition
cardiac - See: Insufficiency, myocardial;
carnitine - E71.40 Disorder of carnitine metabolism, unspecified
carotene - E50.9 Vitamin A deficiency, unspecified
central nervous system - G96.89 Other specified disorders of central nervous system
ceruloplasmin (Wilson) - E83.01 Wilson's disease
choline - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
Christmas factor - D67 Hereditary factor IX deficiency
chromium - E61.4 Chromium deficiency
chronic neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase - E75.244 Niemann-Pick disease type A/B
chronic visceral acid sphingomyelinase - E75.241 Niemann-Pick disease type B
clotting (blood) - See Also: Deficiency, coagulation factor; - D68.9 Coagulation defect, unspecified
clotting factor NEC (hereditary) - See Also: Deficiency, factor; - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
coagulation NOS - D68.9 Coagulation defect, unspecified
acquired (any) - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
antepartum hemorrhage - See: Hemorrhage, antepartum, with coagulation defect;
clotting factor NEC - See Also: Deficiency, factor; - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
due to
newborn, transient - P61.6 Other transient neonatal disorders of coagulation
postpartum - O72.3 Postpartum coagulation defects
specified NEC - D68.8 Other specified coagulation defects
with
cognitive - F09 Unspecified mental disorder due to known physiological condition
color vision - H53.50 Unspecified color vision deficiencies
combined glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
contact factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
copper (nutritional) - E61.0 Copper deficiency
corticoadrenal - E27.40 Unspecified adrenocortical insufficiency
primary - E27.1 Primary adrenocortical insufficiency
craniofacial axis - Q75.009 Craniosynostosis unspecified
cyanocobalamin - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
debrancher enzyme (limit dextrinosis) - E74.03 Cori disease
dehydrogenase
diet - E63.9 Nutritional deficiency, unspecified
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) - E88.89 Other specified metabolic disorders
disaccharidase - E73.9 Lactose intolerance, unspecified
edema - See: Malnutrition, severe;
endocrine - E34.9 Endocrine disorder, unspecified
energy-supply - See: Malnutrition;
enzymes, circulating NEC - E88.09 Other disorders of plasma-protein metabolism, not elsewhere classified
ergosterol - E55.9 Vitamin D deficiency, unspecified
with
adult osteomalacia - M83.8 Other adult osteomalacia
rickets - See: Rickets;
essential fatty acid (EFA) - E63.0 Essential fatty acid [EFA] deficiency
eye movements
factor - See Also: Deficiency, coagulation;
Hageman - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
I (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
II (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
IX (congenital) (functional) (hereditary) (with functional defect) - D67 Hereditary factor IX deficiency
multiple (congenital) - D68.8 Other specified coagulation defects
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
V (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
VII (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
VIII (congenital) (functional) (hereditary) (with functional defect) - D66 Hereditary factor VIII deficiency
with vascular defect - See: Disease, von Willebrand;
X (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
XI (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.1 Hereditary factor XI deficiency
XII (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
XIII (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
femoral, proximal focal (congenital) - See: Defect, reduction, lower limb, longitudinal, femur;
fibrinase - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
fibrinogen (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D65 Disseminated intravascular coagulation [defibrination syndrome]
fibrin-stabilizing factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
folate - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
folic acid - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
foreskin - N47.3 Deficient foreskin
fructokinase - E74.11 Essential fructosuria
fructose 1,6-diphosphatase - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
fructose-1-phosphate aldolase - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) transaminase - E72.81 Disorders of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism
GABA-T (gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase) - E72.81 Disorders of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism
galactokinase - E74.29 Other disorders of galactose metabolism
galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase - E74.29 Other disorders of galactose metabolism
gammaglobulin in blood - D80.1 Nonfamilial hypogammaglobulinemia
hereditary - D80.0 Hereditary hypogammaglobulinemia
glass factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
glucocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
mineralocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
glucose transporter protein type 1 - E74.810 Glucose transporter protein type 1 deficiency
glucose-6-phosphatase - E74.01 von Gierke disease
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
glucuronyl transferase - E80.5 Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Glut1 - E74.810 Glucose transporter protein type 1 deficiency
glycogen synthetase - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
gonadotropin (isolated) - E23.0 Hypopituitarism
growth hormone (idiopathic) (isolated) - E23.0 Hypopituitarism
Hageman factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
hemoglobin - D64.9 Anemia, unspecified
hepatophosphorylase - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - E70.29 Other disorders of tyrosine metabolism
hormone
hypoxanthine- (guanine)-phosphoribosyltransferase (HG- PRT) (total H-PRT) - E79.1 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
immunity - D84.9 Immunodeficiency, unspecified
cell-mediated - D84.89 Other immunodeficiencies
with thrombocytopenia and eczema - D82.0 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
combined - D81.9 Combined immunodeficiency, unspecified
humoral - D80.9 Immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects, unspecified
IgA (secretory) - D80.2 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A [IgA]
IgG - D80.3 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin G [IgG] subclasses
IgM - D80.4 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin M [IgM]
immuno - See: Immunodeficiency;
immunoglobulin, selective
infantile neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase - E75.240 Niemann-Pick disease type A
inositol (B complex) - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
intrinsic
iodine - E61.8 Deficiency of other specified nutrient elements
congenital syndrome - See: Syndrome, iodine-deficiency, congenital;
iron - E61.1 Iron deficiency
anemia - D50.9 Iron deficiency anemia, unspecified
kalium - E87.6 Hypokalemia
kappa-light chain - D80.8 Other immunodeficiencies with predominantly antibody defects
labile factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
lacrimal fluid (acquired) - See Also: Syndrome, dry eye;
congenital - Q10.6 Other congenital malformations of lacrimal apparatus
lactase
Laki-Lorand factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
LCAD (long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.310 Long chain/very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase - E78.6 Lipoprotein deficiency
lipocaic - K86.89 Other specified diseases of pancreas
lipoprotein (familial) (high density) - E78.6 Lipoprotein deficiency
liver phosphorylase - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
lysosomal alpha-1, 4 glucosidase - E74.02 Pompe disease
lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2] - E74.05 Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2] deficiency
magnesium - E61.2 Magnesium deficiency
major histocompatibility complex
manganese - E61.3 Manganese deficiency
MCAD (medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.311 Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
menadione (vitamin K) - E56.1 Deficiency of vitamin K
newborn - P53 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
mental (familial) (hereditary) - See: Disability, intellectual;
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) - E72.12 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency
mevalonate kinase - M04.1 Periodic fever syndromes
mineral NEC - E61.8 Deficiency of other specified nutrient elements
mineralocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
with glucocorticoid - E27.49 Other adrenocortical insufficiency
molybdenum (nutritional) - E61.5 Molybdenum deficiency
moral - F60.2 Antisocial personality disorder
multiple nutrient elements - E61.7 Deficiency of multiple nutrient elements
multiple sulfatase (MSD) - E75.26 Sulfatase deficiency
muscle
myoadenylate deaminase - E79.2 Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
myocardial - See: Insufficiency, myocardial;
myophosphorylase - E74.04 McArdle disease
NADH diaphorase or reductase (congenital) - D74.0 Congenital methemoglobinemia
NADH-methemoglobin reductase (congenital) - D74.0 Congenital methemoglobinemia
natrium - E87.1 Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
niacin (amide) (-tryptophan) - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
nicotinamide - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
nicotinic acid - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
number of teeth - See: Anodontia;
nutrient element - E61.9 Deficiency of nutrient element, unspecified
nutrition, nutritional - See Also: Nutrition deficient; - E63.9 Nutritional deficiency, unspecified
sequelae - See: Sequelae, nutritional deficiency;
specified NEC - E63.8 Other specified nutritional deficiencies
of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [DIRA] - M04.8 Other autoinflammatory syndromes
ornithine transcarbamylase - E72.4 Disorders of ornithine metabolism
ovarian - E28.39 Other primary ovarian failure
oxygen - See: Anoxia;
pantothenic acid - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
parathyroid (gland) - E20.9 Hypoparathyroidism, unspecified
perineum (female) - N81.89 Other female genital prolapse
phenylalanine hydroxylase - E70.1 Other hyperphenylalaninemias
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - E74.4 Disorders of pyruvate metabolism and gluconeogenesis
phosphofructokinase - E74.19 Other disorders of fructose metabolism
phosphomannomutase - E74.818 Other disorders of glucose transport
phosphomannose isomerase - E74.818 Other disorders of glucose transport
phosphomannosyl mutase - E74.818 Other disorders of glucose transport
phosphorylase kinase, liver - E74.09 Other glycogen storage disease
pituitary hormone (isolated) - E23.0 Hypopituitarism
plasma thromboplastin
plasminogen (type 1) (type 2) - E88.02 Plasminogen deficiency
platelet NEC - D69.1 Qualitative platelet defects
constitutional - See: Disease, von Willebrand;
polyglandular - E31.8 Other polyglandular dysfunction
autoimmune - E31.0 Autoimmune polyglandular failure
potassium (K) - E87.6 Hypokalemia
prepuce - N47.3 Deficient foreskin
proaccelerin (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
proconvertin factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
protein - See Also: Malnutrition; - E46 Unspecified protein-calorie malnutrition
prothrombin (congenital) (heredItary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
Prower factor - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
pseudocholinesterase - E88.09 Other disorders of plasma-protein metabolism, not elsewhere classified
PTA (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) - D68.1 Hereditary factor XI deficiency
PTC (plasma thromboplastin component) - D67 Hereditary factor IX deficiency
purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) - D81.5 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase [PNP] deficiency
pyracin (alpha) (beta) - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
pyridoxal - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
pyridoxamine - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
pyridoxine (derivatives) - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
pyruvate
riboflavin (vitamin B2) - E53.0 Riboflavin deficiency
salt - E87.1 Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
SCAD (short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.312 Short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
secretion
selenium (dietary) - E59 Dietary selenium deficiency
serum antitrypsin, familial - E88.01 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
short stature homeobox gene (SHOX)
sodium (Na) - E87.1 Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
SPCA (factor VII) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
sphincter, intrinsic - N36.42 Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)
with urethral hypermobility - N36.43 Combined hypermobility of urethra and intrinsic sphincter deficiency
stable factor (congenital) (hereditary) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
acquired - D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency
Stuart-Prower (factor X) - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase - E72.81 Disorders of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism
sucrase - E74.39 Other disorders of intestinal carbohydrate absorption
sulfatase - E75.26 Sulfatase deficiency
sulfite oxidase - E72.19 Other disorders of sulfur-bearing amino-acid metabolism
thiamin, thiaminic (chloride) - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
thrombokinase - D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other clotting factors
newborn - P53 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
thyroid (gland) - See: Hypothyroidism;
tocopherol - E56.0 Deficiency of vitamin E
tooth bud - K00.0 Anodontia
transcobalamine II (anemia) - D51.2 Transcobalamin II deficiency
vanadium - E61.6 Vanadium deficiency
vascular - I99.9 Unspecified disorder of circulatory system
vasopressin - E23.2 Diabetes insipidus
vertical ridge - K06.8 Other specified disorders of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge
viosterol - See: Deficiency, calciferol;
vitamin (multiple) NOS - E56.9 Vitamin deficiency, unspecified
A - E50.9 Vitamin A deficiency, unspecified
sequelae - E64.1 Sequelae of vitamin A deficiency
with
Bitot's spot (corneal) - E50.1 Vitamin A deficiency with Bitot's spot and conjunctival xerosis
follicular keratosis - E50.8 Other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
keratomalacia - E50.4 Vitamin A deficiency with keratomalacia
manifestations NEC - E50.8 Other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
night blindness - E50.5 Vitamin A deficiency with night blindness
scar of cornea, xerophthalmic - E50.6 Vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmic scars of cornea
xeroderma - E50.8 Other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
xerophthalmia - E50.7 Other ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency
xerosis
B (complex) NOS - E53.9 Vitamin B deficiency, unspecified
B1 NOS - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
B12 - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
B2 (riboflavin) - E53.0 Riboflavin deficiency
B6 - E53.1 Pyridoxine deficiency
C - E54 Ascorbic acid deficiency
sequelae - E64.2 Sequelae of vitamin C deficiency
D - E55.9 Vitamin D deficiency, unspecified
E - E56.0 Deficiency of vitamin E
folic acid - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
G - E53.0 Riboflavin deficiency
group B - E53.9 Vitamin B deficiency, unspecified
specified NEC - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
H (biotin) - E53.8 Deficiency of other specified B group vitamins
K - E56.1 Deficiency of vitamin K
of newborn - P53 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
nicotinic - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
P - E56.8 Deficiency of other vitamins
PP (pellagra-preventing) - E52 Niacin deficiency [pellagra]
specified NEC - E56.8 Deficiency of other vitamins
thiamin - E51.9 Thiamine deficiency, unspecified
beriberi - See: Beriberi;
VLCAD (very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) - E71.310 Long chain/very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
von Willebrand factor
zinc, dietary - E60 Dietary zinc deficiency
Applicable Clinical Terms Definitions
Steroid 21-Hydroxylase: An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.
Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Biotin: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.
Biotinidase: An enzyme which catalyzes the release of BIOTIN from biocytin. In human, defects in the enzyme are the cause of the organic acidemia MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY or BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY.
Carnitine: A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.
Carotenoids: The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 4 terpene subunits.
Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Choline: A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.
Color Vision: Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm).
Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.
Ergosterol: A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS results in formation of ERGOCALCIFEROL (vitamin D2).
Eye Movements: Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Foreskin: The double-layered skin fold that covers the GLANS PENIS, the head of the penis.
Galactokinase: An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the formation of galactose 1-phosphate and ADP from ATP and D-galactose. Galactosamine can also act as the acceptor. A deficiency of this enzyme results in GALACTOSEMIA. EC 2.7.1.6.
Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
Glucose-6-Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate and water to D-glucose and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.9.
Hemoglobins: The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase: A mononuclear Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate, the third step in the pathway for the catabolism of TYROSINE. Deficiency in the enzyme causes ALKAPTONURIA, an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by homogentisic aciduria, OCHRONOSIS and ARTHRITIS. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.5 and EC 1.99.2.5.
Hormones: Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.
Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.
Iron: A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Lactase: An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.
Magnesium: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Major Histocompatibility Complex: The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the formation of L-TYROSINE, dihydrobiopterin, and water from L-PHENYLALANINE, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen. Deficiency of this enzyme may cause PHENYLKETONURIAS and PHENYLKETONURIA, MATERNAL. EC 1.14.16.1.
Pyridoxal: The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.
Pyridoxamine: The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate.
Bodily Secretions: Endogenous substances produced through the activity of intact cells of glands, tissues, or organs.
Sucrase: Digestive enzyme secreted in the INTESTINES. It catalyzes hydrolysis of SUCROSE to FRUCTOSE and GLUCOSE.
Sulfite Oxidase: A MOLYBDENUM requiring enzyme that catalyzes the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation of SULFUR AMINO ACIDS with the formation of a sulfate. A deficiency of sulfite oxidase results in sulfocysteinuria.
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.
Vasopressins: Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.
von Willebrand Factor: A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.