B05.1 - Measles complicated by meningitis

Approximate Synonyms

The following clinical terms are approximate synonyms or lay terms that might be used to identify the correct diagnosis code:

• Measles complicated by meningitis
• Measles of the central nervous system
• Meningitis caused by Paramyxovirus
• Post measles meningitis
• Sequela of infection caused by Morbillivirus

Clinical Information

• Measles-. a highly contagious infectious disease caused by morbillivirus, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the mononuclear phagocyte system.
• Measles Vaccine-. a live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (from dorland, 28th ed)
• Measles virus-. the type species of morbillivirus and the cause of the highly infectious human disease measles, which affects mostly children.
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine-. a combined vaccine used to prevent measles; mumps; and rubella.
• Rubella-. an acute infectious disease caused by the rubella virus. the virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads to the lymphatic system.
• Rubella virus-. the type (and only) species of rubivirus causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. humans are the only natural host. a live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.
• Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis-. a rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the measles virus. the condition occurs primarily in children and young adults, approximately 2-8 years after the initial infection. a gradual decline in intellectual abilities and behavioral alterations are followed by progressive myoclonus; muscle spasticity; seizures; dementia; autonomic dysfunction; and ataxia. death usually occurs 1-3 years after disease onset. pathologic features include perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, neurophagia, and fibrous gliosis. it is caused by the sspe virus, which is a defective variant of measles virus. (from adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, pp767-8)
• Viral Fusion Proteins-. proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. they promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells.
• Rubivirus-. a genus of the family togaviridae containing only one recognized species, rubella virus. transmission is primarily by aerosolization.

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Patient Education

Measles

Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to person. It causes a blotchy red rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body. Other symptoms include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Feeling achy and run down
• Tiny white spots inside the mouth

Sometimes measles can lead to serious problems. There is no treatment for measles, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.

"German measles", also known as rubella, is a completely different illness.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Meningitis

Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis. You get it when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare, but can be deadly. It usually starts with bacteria that cause a cold-like infection. It can cause stroke, hearing loss, and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. Pneumococcal infections and meningococcal infections are the most common causes of bacterial meningitis.

Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in people with weak immune systems. Meningitis can get serious very quickly. You should get medical care right away if you have:

• A sudden high fever
• A severe headache
• A stiff neck
• Nausea or vomiting

Early treatment can help prevent serious problems, including death. Tests to diagnose meningitis include blood tests, imaging tests, and a spinal tap to test cerebrospinal fluid. Antibiotics can treat bacterial meningitis. Antiviral medicines may help some types of viral meningitis. Other medicines can help treat symptoms.

There are vaccines to prevent some of the bacterial infections that cause meningitis.

NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Code History

• FY 2023 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2022 through 9/30/2023
• FY 2022 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2021 through 9/30/2022
• FY 2021 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2020 through 9/30/2021
• FY 2020 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2019 through 9/30/2020
• FY 2019 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2018 through 9/30/2019
• FY 2018 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2017 through 9/30/2018
• FY 2017 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2016 through 9/30/2017
• FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016 (First year ICD-10-CM implemented into the HIPAA code set)