F89 - Unspecified disorder of psychological development

Approximate Synonyms

The following clinical terms are approximate synonyms or lay terms that might be used to identify the correct diagnosis code:

• Achondrogenesis
• Achondroplasia
• Axonal neuropathy
• CHD3-related developmental delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, abnormalities of vision, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Cortical blindness
• Developmental disorder
• Developmental hereditary disorder
• Developmental mental disorder
• Developmentally disabled
• Disorder of psychological development
• Early childhood developmental disability
• Hyperkinesis with developmental delay
• Hyperkinetic syndrome with developmental delay
• Immuno-osseous dysplasia
• Left ventricular myocardial noncompaction cardiomyopathy
• Lethal left ventricular non-compaction, seizures, hypotonia, cataract, developmental delay syndrome
• Macrocephaly, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder, small thorax syndrome
• Macroencephaly
• Macrothrombocytopenia, lymphedema, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, camptodactyly syndrome
• Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
• Neurodevelopmental disorder
• Neurodevelopmental disorder due to maternal use of alcohol
• Ocular anomalies, axonal neuropathy, developmental delay syndrome
• Palatal anomalies, widely spaced teeth, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay syndrome
• Pervasive developmental disorder with cognitive developmental delay and complete impairment of functional language
• Pervasive developmental disorder with cognitive developmental delay and marked impairment of functional language
• Pili torti
• Pili torti with developmental delay and neurological abnormality syndrome
• Progressive microcephaly, seizures, cortical blindness, developmental delay syndrome
• RERE-related neurodevelopmental syndrome
• Secondary neurodevelopmental disorder
• Severe achondroplasia, developmental delay, acanthosis nigricans syndrome
• Severe hypotonia, psychomotor developmental delay, strabismus, cardiac septal defect syndrome
• Severe neurodevelopmental disorder with feeding difficulties, stereotypic hand movement, bilateral cataract
• Skeletal dysplasia, T-cell immunodeficiency, developmental delay syndrome
• Spastic paraplegia, severe developmental delay, epilepsy syndrome
• Speech delay
• TELO2-related intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder
• Tic due to developmental disorder
• Ventricular myocardial noncompaction cardiomyopathy
• WAC-related facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities syndrome

Clinical Information

• Achondroplasia-. an autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, genu varum, and trident hand. (online mendelian inheritance in man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim, mim#100800, april 20, 2001)
• Achondrogenesis-. a rare group of disorders characterized by defective development of bones and cartilage.
• Type II Achondrogenesis|Achondrogenesis, Type II|Hypochondrogenesis|Langer-Saldino Achondrogenesis-. an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the col2a1 gene, encoding collagen alpha-1(ii) chain. it is the most severe of a spectrum of disorders caused by mutations in the col2a1 gene, characterized by short limbs, small chest and lungs, and abnormal ossification of the spine and pelvis. often, infants die at birth or shortly thereafter.
• Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder|ARND-. a cognitive and neurological disorder due to fetal intrauterine exposure to maternal alcohol consumption. typically, this presents without facies or other growth abnormalities.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder|Pervasive Developmental Disorders-. a spectrum of developmental disorders that includes autism, asperger syndrome, and rett syndrome. signs and symptoms include poor communication skills, defective social interactions, and repetitive behaviors.
• Dental Developmental Disorder|Tooth Development Disorder|Tooth development disorder-. a disorder of the teeth arising during odontogenesis.
• Developmental Disorder-. a disorder diagnosed in childhood that is marked by either physical or mental impairment or both, which in turn affects the child from achieving age related developmental milestones.
• Fetal Neurodevelopmental Disorder-. a fetal affliction that has a neurological basis and manifests as a developmental disability.
• Intellectual Developmental Disorder with Cardiac Arrhythmia|IDDCA-. an autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the gnb5 gene, encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5. it is characterized by severe intellectual disability, poor speech acquisition, and cardiac arrhythmia. biallelic missense mutation in the gnb5 gene can cause language delay and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder/cognitive impairment with or without cardiac arrhythmia, which is a less-severe disorder with overlapping features.
• Intellectual Developmental Disorder, X-linked, Syndromic, Bain Type|Bain Type of X-linked Syndromic Intellectual Disability|MRXSB-. an x-linked dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the hnrnph2 gene, encoding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein h2. it is characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability with behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features in females.
• Neurodevelopmental Disorder-. a childhood disorder that has a neurological basis and manifests as a developmental disability.
• Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Brain Abnormalities, Poor Growth, and Dysmorphic Facies|Intellectual Disability-Strabismus Syndrome|NEDBGF-. an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation(s) in the adat3 gene, encoding probable inactive trna-specific adenosine deaminase-like protein 3. it is characterized by a neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormalities, poor growth, and abnormal facies.
• Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Spastic Diplegia and Visual Defects|MRD19|Mental Retardation, Autosomal Dominant 19|NEDSDV-. an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the ctnnb1 gene, encoding catenin beta-1. it is characterized by severe intellectual disability, progressive spastic diplegia, visual impairment, and dysmorphic craniofacial features.
• Pervasive Developmental Disorder-. a category of developmental disorders characterized by impaired communication and socialization skills. the impairments are incongruent with the individual's developmental level or mental age. these disorders can be associated with general medical or genetic conditions.
• Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy|Acute Motor And Sensory Axonal Neuropathy|Acute Motor-Sensory Axonal Neuropathy|Acute Motor-Sensory Axonal Neuropathy-. a subtype of guillain-barre syndrome that targets sensory motor axons, and is characterized by acute onset of quadriparesis, distal sensory loss, areflexia, and respiratory insufficiency.
• Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy|AMAN-. a subtype of guillain-barre syndrome that targets motor axons, and is characterized by symmetric limb weakness, diffuse areflexia, facial and oropharyngeal muscle weakness, and respiratory insufficiency.
• Axonal Neuropathy-. any nerve disorder affecting the axon of a nerve.
• GAN wt Allele|GAN1|Giant Axonal Neuropathy (Gigaxonin) Gene|Gigaxonin wt Allele|KLHL16-. human gan wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 16q24.1 and is approximately 65 kb in length. this allele, which encodes gigaxonin protein, is involved in both ubiquitination and neurofilament structure. mutation of the gene is associated with giant axonal neuropathy.
• Giant Axonal Neuropathy-. a rare inherited disorder affecting the neurofilaments. it is caused by mutations in the gan gene. it is characterized by the presence of abnormally large nerve cell axons. signs and symptoms include difficulty walking, sensory disturbances, lack of motor coordination and abnormal reflexes in the limbs.
• Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Autosomal Recessive, with Axonal Neuropathy 2|AOA2|Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2|SCAN2-. an autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the setx gene, encoding probable helicase senataxin. it is characterized by juvenile onset progressive cerebellar ataxia, axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, and increased concentrations of serum alpha-fetoprotein. oculomotor apraxia is common, but is not always present.
• Cortical Blindness-. visual impairment due to visual cortex dysfunction.
• Achondroplasia-. an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutation(s) in the fgfr3 gene, encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. the condition is characterized by inappropriate cartilage growth plate differentiation and deficient endochondral growth, manifest clinically with severe rhizomelic short stature, short limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia.
• COMP wt Allele|Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (Pseudoachondroplasia, Epiphyseal Dysplasia 1, Multiple) Gene|Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein wt Allele|Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein(Pseudoachondroplasia, Epiphyseal Dysplasia 1, Multiple) Gene|EDM1|EPD1|MED|PSACH|Pseudoachondroplasia (Epiphyseal Dysplasia 1, Multiple) Gene|THBS5-. human comp wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 19p13.1 and is approximately 9 kb in length. this allele, which encodes cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, is involved in cartilage structural integrity. mutation of the gene is associated with pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 1.
• FGFR3 wt Allele|ACH|Achondroplasia, Thanatophoric Dwarfism Gene|CD333|CEK2|FGFR3|Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (Achondroplasia, Thanatophoric Dwarfism) Gene|Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 wt Allele|HSFGFR3EX|JTK4-. human fgfr3 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 4p16.3 and is approximately 15 kb in length. this allele, which encodes fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein, is involved in mitogenesis, differentiation, and bone development and maintenance. alterations in the gene resulting in defects cause, achondroplasia, crouzon syndrome, thanatophoric dysplasia, coronal synostosis, hypochondroplasia, bladder and cervix cancers.
• Pseudoachondroplasia-. a rare, autosomal dominant inherited disorder caused by mutations in the comp gene. it is characterized by short stature, short arms and legs, waddling walk, osteoarthritis, and limited range of motion at the elbows and hips.

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Patient Education

Developmental Disabilities

Developmental disabilities are severe, long-term problems. They may be physical, such as blindness. They may affect mental ability, such as learning disabilities. Or the problem can be both physical and mental, such as Down syndrome. The problems are usually life-long, and can affect everyday living.

There are many causes of developmental disabilities, including:

• Genetic or chromosome abnormalities. These cause conditions such as Down syndrome and Rett syndrome.
• Prenatal exposure to substances. For example, drinking alcohol when pregnant can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
• Certain infections in pregnancy
• Preterm birth

Often there is no cure, but treatment can help the symptoms. Treatments include physical, speech, and occupational therapy. Special education classes and psychological counseling can also help.

NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Code History

• FY 2023 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2022 through 9/30/2023
• FY 2022 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2021 through 9/30/2022
• FY 2021 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2020 through 9/30/2021
• FY 2020 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2019 through 9/30/2020
• FY 2019 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2018 through 9/30/2019
• FY 2018 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2017 through 9/30/2018
• FY 2017 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2016 through 9/30/2017
• FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016 (First year ICD-10-CM implemented into the HIPAA code set)