Complications specific to multiple gestation (O31) ICD-10-CM
The O31 code range covers complications specific to multiple gestation with 167 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes. 140 of them are billable and valid for claim submission in fiscal year 2026, and the category headers group them but cannot themselves be billed.
Type 2 Excludes
A type 2 excludes note represents "Not included here". An excludes2 note indicates that the condition excluded is not part of the condition represented by the code, but a patient may have both conditions at the same time. When an Excludes2 note appears under a code, it is acceptable to use both the code and the excluded code together, when appropriate.
- delayed delivery of second twin, triplet, etc. O63.2
- malpresentation of one fetus or more O32.9
- placental transfusion syndromes O43.0
7th Character Note
Certain ICD-10-CM categories have applicable 7th characters. The applicable 7th character is required for all codes within the category, or as the notes in the Tabular List instruct. The 7th character must always be the 7th character in the data field. If a code that requires a 7th character is not 6 characters, a placeholder X must be used to fill in the empty characters.
- One of the following 7th characters is to be assigned to each code under category O31. 7th character 0 is for single gestations and multiple gestations where the fetus is unspecified. 7th characters 1 through 9 are for cases of multiple gestations to identify the fetus for which the code applies. The appropriate code from category O30
7th Character
Indicates that a seventh character is to be assigned to codes in a subcategory.
- 0 - not applicable or unspecified
- 1 - fetus 1
- 2 - fetus 2
- 3 - fetus 3
- 4 - fetus 4
- 5 - fetus 5
- 9 - other fetus
Codes in the O31 Range 167 codes · 140 billable
- O31 Complications specific to multiple gestationNon-billable
- O31.0 Papyraceous fetusNon-billable
- O31.00 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimesterNon-billable
- O31.00X0 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.00X1 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, fetus 1
- O31.00X2 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, fetus 2
- O31.00X3 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, fetus 3
- O31.00X4 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, fetus 4
- O31.00X5 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, fetus 5
- O31.00X9 Papyraceous fetus, unspecified trimester, other fetus
- O31.01 Papyraceous fetus, first trimesterNon-billable
- O31.01X0 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.01X1 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, fetus 1
- O31.01X2 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, fetus 2
- O31.01X3 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, fetus 3
- O31.01X4 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, fetus 4
- O31.01X5 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, fetus 5
- O31.01X9 Papyraceous fetus, first trimester, other fetus
- O31.02 Papyraceous fetus, second trimesterNon-billable
- O31.02X0 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.02X1 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, fetus 1
- O31.02X2 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, fetus 2
- O31.02X3 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, fetus 3
- O31.02X4 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, fetus 4
- O31.02X5 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, fetus 5
- O31.02X9 Papyraceous fetus, second trimester, other fetus
- O31.03 Papyraceous fetus, third trimesterNon-billable
- O31.03X0 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.03X1 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, fetus 1
- O31.03X2 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, fetus 2
- O31.03X3 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, fetus 3
- O31.03X4 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, fetus 4
- O31.03X5 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, fetus 5
- O31.03X9 Papyraceous fetus, third trimester, other fetus
- O31.1 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or moreNon-billable
- O31.10 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimesterNon-billable
- O31.10X0 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.10X1 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 1
- O31.10X2 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 2
- O31.10X3 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 3
- O31.10X4 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 4
- O31.10X5 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 5
- O31.10X9 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, other fetus
- O31.11 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimesterNon-billable
- O31.11X0 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.11X1 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 1
- O31.11X2 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 2
- O31.11X3 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 3
- O31.11X4 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 4
- O31.11X5 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 5
- O31.11X9 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, first trimester, other fetus
- O31.12 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimesterNon-billable
- O31.12X0 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.12X1 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 1
- O31.12X2 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 2
- O31.12X3 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 3
- O31.12X4 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 4
- O31.12X5 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 5
- O31.12X9 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, second trimester, other fetus
- O31.13 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimesterNon-billable
- O31.13X0 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.13X1 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 1
- O31.13X2 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 2
- O31.13X3 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 3
- O31.13X4 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 4
- O31.13X5 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 5
- O31.13X9 Continuing pregnancy after spontaneous abortion of one fetus or more, third trimester, other fetus
- O31.2 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or moreNon-billable
- O31.20 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimesterNon-billable
- O31.20X0 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.20X1 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 1
- O31.20X2 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 2
- O31.20X3 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 3
- O31.20X4 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 4
- O31.20X5 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 5
- O31.20X9 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, other fetus
- O31.21 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimesterNon-billable
- O31.21X0 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.21X1 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 1
- O31.21X2 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 2
- O31.21X3 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 3
- O31.21X4 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 4
- O31.21X5 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 5
- O31.21X9 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, first trimester, other fetus
- O31.22 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimesterNon-billable
- O31.22X0 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.22X1 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 1
- O31.22X2 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 2
- O31.22X3 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 3
- O31.22X4 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 4
- O31.22X5 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 5
- O31.22X9 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, second trimester, other fetus
- O31.23 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimesterNon-billable
- O31.23X0 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.23X1 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 1
- O31.23X2 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 2
- O31.23X3 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 3
- O31.23X4 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 4
- O31.23X5 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 5
- O31.23X9 Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one fetus or more, third trimester, other fetus
- O31.3 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or moreNon-billable
- O31.30 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimesterNon-billable
- O31.30X0 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.30X1 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 1
- O31.30X2 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 2
- O31.30X3 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 3
- O31.30X4 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 4
- O31.30X5 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, fetus 5
- O31.30X9 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, unspecified trimester, other fetus
- O31.31 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimesterNon-billable
- O31.31X0 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.31X1 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 1
- O31.31X2 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 2
- O31.31X3 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 3
- O31.31X4 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 4
- O31.31X5 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, fetus 5
- O31.31X9 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, first trimester, other fetus
- O31.32 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimesterNon-billable
- O31.32X0 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.32X1 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 1
- O31.32X2 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 2
- O31.32X3 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 3
- O31.32X4 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 4
- O31.32X5 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, fetus 5
- O31.32X9 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, second trimester, other fetus
- O31.33 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimesterNon-billable
- O31.33X0 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.33X1 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 1
- O31.33X2 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 2
- O31.33X3 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 3
- O31.33X4 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 4
- O31.33X5 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, fetus 5
- O31.33X9 Continuing pregnancy after elective fetal reduction of one fetus or more, third trimester, other fetus
- O31.8 Other complications specific to multiple gestationNon-billable
- O31.8X Other complications specific to multiple gestationNon-billable
- O31.8X1 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimesterNon-billable
- O31.8X10 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.8X11 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, fetus 1
- O31.8X12 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, fetus 2
- O31.8X13 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, fetus 3
- O31.8X14 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, fetus 4
- O31.8X15 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, fetus 5
- O31.8X19 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, first trimester, other fetus
- O31.8X2 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimesterNon-billable
- O31.8X20 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.8X21 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, fetus 1
- O31.8X22 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, fetus 2
- O31.8X23 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, fetus 3
- O31.8X24 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, fetus 4
- O31.8X25 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, fetus 5
- O31.8X29 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, second trimester, other fetus
- O31.8X3 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimesterNon-billable
- O31.8X30 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.8X31 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, fetus 1
- O31.8X32 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, fetus 2
- O31.8X33 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, fetus 3
- O31.8X34 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, fetus 4
- O31.8X35 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, fetus 5
- O31.8X39 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, third trimester, other fetus
- O31.8X9 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimesterNon-billable
- O31.8X90 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, not applicable or unspecified
- O31.8X91 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, fetus 1
- O31.8X92 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, fetus 2
- O31.8X93 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, fetus 3
- O31.8X94 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, fetus 4
- O31.8X95 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, fetus 5
- O31.8X99 Other complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified trimester, other fetus
About the O31 Code Range
The ICD-10 codes in the O31 section classify complications unique to multiple gestations, such as pregnancies involving twins, triplets, or more. These codes are used to document specific issues like death or reduction of one fetus during the pregnancy.
This section includes codes for conditions like the papyraceous fetus (also known as a mummified fetus or fetus papyraceous), where one fetus in a multiple pregnancy dies and is compressed. Coders use these codes (e.g., O31.0) to indicate the trimester and specific fetus affected. There are also detailed codes for continuing pregnancies after spontaneous abortion (O31.1), intrauterine death (O31.2), or elective fetal reduction (O31.3) of one or more fetuses, all capturing the trimester and fetus number. Additionally, O31.8 covers other complications specific to multiple gestations, such as fetal malpresentation in multiple births. Accurately applying these ICD-10 codes helps identify and manage risks in multiple pregnancies and supports precise medical documentation and billing for these specialized scenarios.
Questions About This Page
How many billable codes are in the O31 range?
Of the 167 codes in this range, 140 are billable and valid for claim submission from October 1, 2025 through September 30, 2026. Category header codes group them but cannot be reported on claims.
What does the O31 range classify?
The range classifies complications specific to multiple gestation. Each code links to its own reference page with billing status, MS-DRG grouping, coding notes, and clinical information.
Related References
Source: CMS FY 2026 ICD-10-CM Tabular List and order file, effective October 1, 2025 through September 30, 2026.
