Cardiovascular System (X2) ICD-10-PCS
The X2 body system covers New Technology procedures on cardiovascular system, with 143 ICD-10-PCS codes across 10 root operations, 123 of them billable in fiscal year 2026. Each root operation defines a distinct procedural objective, and the info icons show the official definition with a preview of the codes inside.
Root Operations in This Body System 10 operations · 143 codes
| Chars 1–3 | Root Operation | Codes | Billable |
|---|---|---|---|
| X2A | AssistanceTaking over a portion of a physiological function by extracorporeal means | 12 | 10 |
| X2C | ExtirpationTaking or cutting out solid matter from a body part | 18 | 16 |
| X2R | ReplacementPutting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically takes the place and/or function of all or a portion of a body part | 14 | 12 |
| X27 | DilationExpanding an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part | 28 | 26 |
| X2J | InspectionVisually and/or manually exploring a body part | 4 | 2 |
| X2K | BypassAltering the route of passage of the contents of a tubular body part | 15 | 13 |
| X2V | RestrictionPartially closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part | 9 | 7 |
| X28 | DivisionCutting into a body part, without draining fluids and/or gases from the body part, inorder to separate or transect a body part | 5 | 3 |
| X2H | InsertionPutting in a nonbiological appliance that monitors, assists, performs, or prevents aphysiological function but does not physically take the place of a body part | 29 | 27 |
| X2U | SupplementPutting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically reinforces and/oraugments the function of a portion of a body part | 9 | 7 |
The info icon shows the official root operation definition and previews the codes in that range.
About the X2 Body System
The ICD-10-PCS New Technology section for the Cardiovascular System includes a variety of root operations that describe advanced interventions. These root operations define specific procedures on cardiovascular structures, reflecting modern medical techniques.
For example, Assistance (Code X2A) involves taking over part of a physiological function by extracorporeal means, such as mechanical cardiac support. Extirpation (X2C) refers to removing solid matter from a body part, like extracting a clot from a vessel. Replacement (X2R) indicates implanting biological or synthetic material that takes over all or part of a cardiovascular structure’s function, such as valve replacement. Other key operations include Dilation (X27), which expands the lumen of a vessel; Inspection (X2J), involving visual or manual exploration; and Bypass (X2K), which reroutes blood flow around an occluded segment. These root operations are essential for accurately coding complex cardiovascular procedures in the context of new technology interventions.
The ICD-10-PCS New Technology section's Cardiovascular System root operations involve advanced procedures targeting the heart and blood vessels, each defined by their distinct therapeutic intent. These root operations are essential for capturing innovative cardiac interventions accurately.
For example, Assistance (X2A) indicates taking over part of a physiological function by extracorporeal means, such as mechanical circulatory support. Extirpation (X2C) involves removing solid matter from a cardiovascular structure. Replacement (X2R) covers inserting biological or synthetic material that fully substitutes a portion of the cardiovascular system, like valve replacements. Procedures like Dilation (X27) expand blood vessel lumens, while Bypass (X2K) changes the route of blood flow. Inspection (X2J) includes visual or manual exploration of heart or vessels. Other operations such as Restriction (X2V), Division (X28), Insertion (X2H), and Supplement (X2U) also define specific cardiovascular interventions, supporting precise documentation of New Technology cardiovascular procedures.
Questions About This Page
How many codes are in the X2 body system?
The X2 body system contains 143 ICD-10-PCS codes in FY 2026, organized into 10 root operations. 123 of them are billable on inpatient claims.
What is a root operation?
The root operation is the third character of every ICD-10-PCS code and names the objective of the procedure. Drainage takes fluid out, Excision cuts out a portion of a body part, and Resection removes all of one. Picking the right root operation is the central skill of PCS coding, so each one above carries its official CMS definition.
Related References
Source: CMS FY 2026 ICD-10-PCS order file and code tables, effective October 1, 2025 through September 30, 2026.
