Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of anesthetics and therapeutic gases (T41)

Browse all the diagnosis codes used for poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of anesthetics and therapeutic gases (t41). For easy navigation, the diagnosis codes are sorted in alphabetical order and grouped by sections. Each section is clearly marked with its description, and the corresponding three-digit code range. This format makes it simple to browse diagnosis codes in this chapter or section and find what you're looking for. We've also added green checkmark icons to label billable codes, and red warning icons for non-billable ones. This makes it easy to identify which codes can be billed.

Clinical Information

3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.6.

Acupuncture Analgesia - Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus - to produce analgesia.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia - Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Anesthesia - A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Anesthesia and Analgesia - Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital - Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

Anesthesia Recovery Period - The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures - A range of methods used to induce UNCONSCIOUSNESS; ANALGESIA; and MUSCLE RELAXATION during cardiac procedures.

Anesthesia, Caudal - Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit - Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.

Anesthesia, Conduction - Injection of an anesthetic to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Anesthesia, Dental - A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Anesthesia, Endotracheal - Procedure in which an anesthetic such as a gas or mixture of gases is inhaled through a tube into the lungs.

Anesthesia, Epidural - Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Anesthesia, General - Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

Anesthesia, Inhalation - Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Anesthesia, Intravenous - Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

Anesthesia, Local - A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical - A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

Anesthesia, Rectal - Procedure involving the instillation of an anesthetic into the rectum.

Anesthesia, Spinal - Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Anesthetists - Persons trained and certified to administer ANESTHETICS.

Balanced Anesthesia - The use of several ANESTHETICS together in small amounts, as opposed to a larger amount of one drug, to induce loss of sensation and loss of consciousness.

Benzocaine - A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.

Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis - Testing for the amount of biodegradable organic material in a water sample by measuring the quantity of oxygen consumed by biodegradation of those materials over a specific time period.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous - The noninvasive measurement or determination of the partial pressure (tension) of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide locally in the capillaries of a tissue by the application to the skin of a special set of electrodes. These electrodes contain photoelectric sensors capable of picking up the specific wavelengths of radiation emitted by oxygenated versus reduced hemoglobin.

Brachial Plexus Block - A blocking of NEURAL CONDUCTION in the network of nerve fibers innervating the UPPER EXTREMITY.

Bupivacaine - A widely used local anesthetic agent.

Carboxylesterase - Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.

Cervical Plexus Block - A blocking of NEURAL CONDUCTION in the network of nerve fibers innervating the neck and shoulder.

Cryoanesthesia - ANESTHESIA achieved by lowering either BODY TEMPERATURE (core cooling) or SKIN TEMPERATURE (external cooling).

Dibucaine - A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)

Electronarcosis - Profound stupor produced by passing an electric current through the brain.

Emergence Delirium - A form of DELIRIUM which occurs after GENERAL ANESTHESIA.

Enflurane - An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

Etidocaine - A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.

Etomidate - Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of SMOKE INHALATION INJURY; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; and CARDIAC FAILURE.

Geriatric Anesthesia - Conducting anesthesia procedures in AGED adults, typically those aged 65 years and older.

Halothane - A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) - A mixed function oxidase enzyme which during hemoglobin catabolism catalyzes the degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin in the presence of molecular oxygen and reduced NADPH. The enzyme is induced by metals, particularly cobalt.

Heme Oxygenase-1 - A ubiquitous stress-responsive enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of HEME to yield IRON; CARBON MONOXIDE; and BILIVERDIN.

Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase - A mononuclear Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate, the third step in the pathway for the catabolism of TYROSINE. Deficiency in the enzyme causes ALKAPTONURIA, an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by homogentisic aciduria, OCHRONOSIS and ARTHRITIS. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.5 and EC 1.99.2.5.

Hyperbaric Oxygenation - The therapeutic intermittent administration of oxygen in a chamber at greater than sea-level atmospheric pressures (three atmospheres). It is considered effective treatment for air and gas embolisms, smoke inhalation, acute carbon monoxide poisoning, caisson disease, clostridial gangrene, etc. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992). The list of treatment modalities includes stroke.

Hypoxia - Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.

Inositol Oxygenase - A non-heme IRON enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of MYOINOSITOL to D-glucuronic acid. The reaction is the first committed step in MYOINOSITOL catabolic pathway. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.11 and 1.99.2.6.

Intraoperative Awareness - Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.)

Isoflurane - A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Ketamine - A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Lidocaine - A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination - A topical local anesthetic preparation that is composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. It is used to provide anesthesia during minor surgery and for the treatment of PREMATURE EJACULATION.

Malignant Hyperthermia - Rapid and excessive rise of temperature accompanied by muscular rigidity following general anesthesia.

Mepivacaine - A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

Methohexital - An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

Methoxyflurane - An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)

Mixed Function Oxygenases - Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.

Neuroanesthesia - Anesthesia methods that are used for neurologic medical procedures.

Oxygen - An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Oxygen Compounds - Inorganic compounds that contain oxygen as an integral part of the molecule.

Oxygen Consumption - The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

Oxygen Isotopes - Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity - A measure of the ability of a substance, such as a food, to quench oxygen free radicals in vitro.

Oxygen Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.

Oxygen Saturation - Extent to which HEMOGLOBIN is saturated with OXYGEN typically as measured in arterial blood. It can be measured by various methods (e.g., PULSE OXYMETER, blood gas analysis). A low blood oxygen saturation level indicates a condition called HYPOXEMIA.

Oxygenases - Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

Oxygenators - Devices which mechanically oxygenate venous blood extracorporeally. They are used in combination with one or more pumps for maintaining circulation during open heart surgery and for assisting the circulation in patients seriously ill with some cardiac and pulmonary disorders. (UMDNS, 1999)

Oxygenators, Membrane - Devices in which blood and oxygen are separated by a semipermeable membrane, generally of Teflon or polypropylene, across which gas exchange occurs. The membrane may be arranged as a series of parallel plates or as a number of hollow fibers; in the latter arrangement, the blood may flow inside the fibers, which are surrounded by gas, or the blood may flow outside the fibers and the gas inside the fibers. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Pediatric Anesthesia - Conducting anesthesia procedures in infants, children, and adolescents.

Penicillin G Procaine - Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining penicillin G with PROCAINE.

Photosystem II Protein Complex - A large multisubunit protein complex found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to catalyze the splitting of WATER into DIOXYGEN and of reducing equivalents of HYDROGEN.

Prilocaine - A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

Procainamide - A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.

Procaine - A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).

Propanidid - An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)

Propofol - An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Propofol Infusion Syndrome - Rare and often fatal drug complication which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of PROPOFOL. It is characterized by METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; cardiovascular CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE; CARDIAC FAILURE; and KIDNEY FAILURE.

Propoxycaine - A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)

Reactive Oxygen Species - Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and GENE EXPRESSION, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

Singlet Oxygen - An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.

Tetracaine - A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

Thiamylal - A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)

Tiletamine - Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

Treatment Refusal - Patient or client refusal of or resistance to medical, psychological, or psychiatric treatment. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

Trimecaine - Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.

Tryptophan Oxygenase - A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is a LIVER-specific enzyme that is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.

Instructional Notations

Type 1 Excludes

A type 1 excludes note is a pure excludes note. It means "NOT CODED HERE!" An Excludes1 note indicates that the code excluded should never be used at the same time as the code above the Excludes1 note. An Excludes1 is used when two conditions cannot occur together, such as a congenital form versus an acquired form of the same condition.

• benzodiazepines T42.4
• cocaine T40.5
• complications of anesthesia during pregnancy O29
• complications of anesthesia during labor and delivery O74
• complications of anesthesia during the puerperium O89
• opioids T40.0 T40.2

7th Character Note

Certain ICD-10-CM categories have applicable 7th characters. The applicable 7th character is required for all codes within the category, or as the notes in the Tabular List instruct. The 7th character must always be the 7th character in the data field. If a code that requires a 7th character is not 6 characters, a placeholder X must be used to fill in the empty characters.

• The appropriate 7th character is to be added to each code from category T41

7th Character

Indicates that a seventh character is to be assigned to codes in a subcategory.

• A - initial encounter
• D - subsequent encounter
• S - sequela