2024 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code F78.A9

Approximate Synonyms

The following clinical terms are approximate synonyms or lay terms that might be used to identify the correct diagnosis code:

• Abnormal blue sclerae
• Acromegaly
• Agenesis of corpus callosum, intellectual disability, coloboma, micrognathia syndrome
• AHDC1-related intellectual disability, obstructive sleep apnea, mild dysmorphism syndrome
• Alacrima
• Alopecia and intellectual disability with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome
• Alopecia universalis
• Alopecia, contracture, dwarfism, intellectual disability syndrome
• Alopecia, epilepsy, intellectual disability syndrome Moynahan type
• Alopecia, psychomotor epilepsy, periodontal pyorrhea, intellectual disability syndrome
• Alpha thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome
• Alpha-thalassemia intellectual disability syndrome linked to chromosome 16
• Alport syndrome, intellectual disability, midface hypoplasia, elliptocytosis syndrome
• Ambiguous genitalia
• Anal atresia
• Aniridia and intellectual disability syndrome
• Aniridia, ptosis, intellectual disability, familial obesity syndrome
• ANK3-related intellectual disability, sleep disturbance syndrome
• Ankyloblepharon
• Ankylosis of joint of hand
• Anterior maxillary protrusion, strabismus, intellectual disability syndrome
• Aortic arch anomaly, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability syndrome
• Aphonia, deafness, retinal dystrophy, bifid halluces, intellectual disability syndrome
• Arachnoid cyst
• Ataxia with deafness and intellectual disability syndrome
• Atkin Flaitz syndrome
• Autosomal dominant intellectual disability, craniofacial anomalies, cardiac defects syndrome
• Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, intellectual disability syndrome due to RUBCN deficiency
• Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, intellectual disability syndrome due to TUD deficiency
• Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, intellectual disability syndrome due to WWOX deficiency
• Autosomal recessive intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, multiple joint contracture syndrome
• BIDS brittle hair-impaired intellect-decreased fertility-short stature syndrome
• Bilateral hearing loss
• Blepharophimosis, intellectual disability syndrome
• Blepharophimosis, intellectual disability syndrome, Verloes type
• Blue nevus of skin
• Bone age finding
• Brachymetatarsia
• Brachymetatarsia of fourth metatarsal
• Branchial dysplasia, intellectual disability, inguinal hernia syndrome
• BRESEK syndrome
• CAMOS syndrome
• CASK related intellectual disability
• Central obesity
• Central obesity
• Cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability, oculomotor apraxia, cerebellar cysts syndrome
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, deafness, intellectual disability syndrome
• CHD3-related developmental delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, abnormalities of vision, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Christianson syndrome
• CLCN4-related X-linked intellectual disability syndrome
• Coloboma, congenital heart disease, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability ear anomaly syndrome
• Colobomatous microphthalmia
• Colobomatous microphthalmia
• Colobomatous microphthalmia, obesity, hypogenitalism, intellectual disability syndrome
• Congenital absence of abdominal muscle
• Congenital aniridia
• Congenital aniridia
• Congenital ankyloblepharon
• Congenital anomaly of aortic arch AND/OR descending aorta
• Congenital anomaly of lacrimal gland
• Congenital anomaly of sclera
• Congenital anomaly of subcutaneous tissue
• Congenital atresia of external auditory canal
• Congenital atrophy of optic nerve
• Congenital atrophy of optic nerve
• Congenital blepharophimosis
• Congenital cataract with hypertrichosis and intellectual disability syndrome
• Congenital coloboma of iris
• Congenital coloboma of iris
• Congenital cubitus valgus
• Congenital generalized lipodystrophy
• Congenital hypoplasia of cerebrum
• Congenital hypoplasia of cerebrum
• Congenital hypoplasia of cerebrum
• Congenital hypoplasia of penis
• Congenital hypoplasia of ulna
• Congenital hypoplasia of ulna
• Congenital hypoplasia of ulna and intellectual disability syndrome
• Congenital hypotrichia
• Congenital ichthyosis, intellectual disability, spastic quadriplegia syndrome
• Congenital intrauterine infection-like syndrome
• Congenital keratoderma
• Congenital laryngeal abductor palsy
• Congenital malformation of angle of anterior chamber of eye
• Congenital malformation of anterior pituitary
• Congenital malformation of the meninges
• Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability
• Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy
• Congenital nephritis
• Congenital osteodystrophy
• Congenital prognathism
• Cooper Jabs syndrome
• Cortical blindness
• Cortical blindness
• Cortical blindness, intellectual disability, polydactyly syndrome
• Craniodigital syndrome and intellectual disability syndrome
• Craniofacial dysplasia, short stature, ectodermal anomalies, intellectual disability syndrome
• Crowding of teeth
• Deafness and intellectual disability Martin Probst type syndrome
• Deafness with onychodystrophy syndrome
• Delayed bone age
• Deletion of part of short arm of chromosome 16
• Dentinogenesis imperfecta
• Dentinogenesis imperfecta, short stature, hearing loss, intellectual disability syndrome
• Developmental anomaly of periodontal tissue
• Developmental malformation of branchial arch
• Dextrotransposition of aorta
• Disorder of lysine and hydroxylysine metabolism
• Dominant hereditary optic atrophy
• DOORS syndrome
• DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome
• Early onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability syndrome
• Early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, brain anomalies syndrome
• Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability due to GRIN2A mutation
• Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, cortical blindness, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Ectodermal dysplasia, intellectual disability, central nervous system malformation syndrome
• Elbow joint deformity
• Expressive dysphasia
• Fallot complex with intellectual disability and growth delay syndrome
• Familial diabetes insipidus
• Familial psoriasis
• Female restricted epilepsy with intellectual disability syndrome
• Focal epilepsy, intellectual disability, cerebro-cerebellar malformation syndrome
• Fragile X chromosome
• FRAXE intellectual disability syndrome
• Fryns Smeets Thiry syndrome
• Global developmental delay, neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities, seizures, intellectual disability syndrome
• GMS syndrome
• GNB5-related intellectual disability, cardiac arrhythmia syndrome
• Goldblatt Wallis syndrome
• Goniodysgenesis
• Growth delay, intellectual disability, hepatopathy syndrome
• Hair defect with photosensitivity and intellectual disability syndrome
• Hereditary congenital hypomelanotic and hypermelanotic cutaneous macules, growth retardation, intellectual disability syndrome
• Hereditary elliptocytosis
• HIVEP2-related intellectual disability
• Hyperactive behavior
• Hyperphosphatasemia with intellectual disability
• Hypohidrosis
• Hypohidrosis, enamel hypoplasia, palmoplantar keratoderma, intellectual disability syndrome
• Hypoplasia of corpus callosum
• Hypoplasia of corpus callosum
• Hypoplasia of corpus callosum
• Hypotrichosis and intellectual disability syndrome Lopes type
• Ichthyosis, alopecia, eclabion, ectropion, intellectual disability syndrome
• Ichthyosis, intellectual disability, dwarfism, renal impairment syndrome
• Infantile and/or juvenile cataract
• Intellectual disability Birk-Barel type
• Intellectual disability Buenos Aires type
• Intellectual disability with strabismus syndrome
• Intellectual disability, alacrima, achalasia syndrome
• Intellectual disability, autism, speech apraxia, craniofacial dysmorphism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, cardiac anomalies, short stature, joint laxity syndrome
• Intellectual disability, cataract, calcified pinna, myopathy syndrome
• Intellectual disability, coarse face, macrocephaly, cerebellar hypotrophy syndrome
• Intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism, cryptorchidism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, developmental delay, contracture syndrome
• Intellectual disability, epilepsy, bulbous nose syndrome
• Intellectual disability, epilepsy, extrapyramidal syndrome
• Intellectual disability, expressive aphasia, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism syndrome due to SETD5 haploinsufficiency
• Intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, hand anomalies syndrome
• Intellectual disability, hyperkinetic movement, truncal ataxia syndrome
• Intellectual disability, hypoplastic corpus callosum, preauricular tag syndrome
• Intellectual disability, hypotonia, brachycephaly, pyloric stenosis, cryptorchidism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, macrocephaly, hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities syndrome
• Intellectual disability, muscle weakness, short stature, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, myopathy, short stature, endocrine defect syndrome
• Intellectual disability, obesity, brain malformation, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, obesity, prognathism, eye and skin anomalies syndrome
• Intellectual disability, seizures, abnormal gait, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Intellectual disability, seizures, hypotonia, ophthalmologic, skeletal anomalies syndrome
• Intellectual disability, spasticity, ectrodactyly syndrome
• Juvenile cataract
• Karandikar Maria Kamble syndrome
• Kawashima Tsuji syndrome
• KBG syndrome
• Keppen Lubinsky syndrome
• Kohlschutter's syndrome
• L1 syndrome
• L1 syndrome
• Lamellar ichthyosis
• Laryngeal abductor paralysis with intellectual disability syndrome
• Late-onset localized junctional epidermolysis bullosa, intellectual disability syndrome
• Leber's amaurosis
• Left ventricular myocardial noncompaction cardiomyopathy
• Lipodystrophy, intellectual disability, deafness syndrome
• Localized junctional epidermolysis bullosa
• Long face syndrome
• Macrocephaly and developmental delay syndrome
• Macrocephaly, intellectual disability, autism syndrome
• Macrocephaly, intellectual disability, left ventricular non compaction syndrome
• Macrocephaly, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder, small thorax syndrome
• Macroencephaly
• Macrogyria
• Male hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, intellectual disability, skeletal anomaly syndrome
• Marfanoid habitus with autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome
• Marfanoid physique
• Marfanoid physique
• Martsolf syndrome
• MASA syndrome
• Mass of preauricular region
• Maxillary jaw size anomaly
• Maxillary prognathism
• MECP2 duplication syndrome
• MEDNIK syndrome
• Megalocornea
• Megalocornea with intellectual disability syndrome
• MEHMO syndrome
• Metaphyseal dysostosis, intellectual disability, conductive deafness syndrome
• Microcephaly, corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability syndrome
• Microcephaly, corpus callosum hypoplasia, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Microcephaly, intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing loss, epilepsy, abnormal muscle tone syndrome
• Microcephaly, short stature, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism syndrome
• Microcephaly, thin corpus callosum, intellectual disability syndrome
• Microphthalmia with ankyloblepharon and intellectual disability syndrome
• MOMO syndrome
• Mongolian spot
• MORM syndrome
• Mowat-Wilson syndrome
• Mowat-Wilson syndrome
• Mowat-Wilson syndrome due to monosomy 2q22
• Muscle weakness of upper limb
• Myoclonic encephalopathy
• Neck webbing
• Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia with intellectual disability
• Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
• Oliver syndrome
• Open bite
• Optic atrophy, intellectual disability syndrome
• Osteopenia, intellectual disability, sparse hair syndrome
• Pachygyria, intellectual disability, epilepsy syndrome
• Paresis of left lower limb
• Paresis of right lower limb
• Parkinson's disease
• Partington syndrome
• PDE4D haploinsufficiency syndrome
• Periodontitis co-occurrent with genetic disorder
• Perniola Krajewska Carnevale syndrome
• PHIP-related behavioral problems, intellectual disability, obesity, dysmorphic features syndrome
• Photosensitivity with ichthyosis, brittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility and short stature syndrome
• Pinnal calcification
• Pitt-Hopkins syndrome
• Plagiocephaly
• Postnatal microcephaly, infantile hypotonia, spastic diplegia, dysarthria, intellectual disability syndrome
• PPM-X syndrome
• Preaxial polydactyly, colobomata, intellectual disability syndrome
• Prieto Badia Mulas syndrome
• Primary testicular failure
• Progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, short stature, short fourth metatarsals, intellectual disability syndrome
• Prune belly syndrome
• Prune belly syndrome with pulmonic stenosis, intellectual disability and deafness
• Pterygium colli with intellectual disability and digital anomaly syndrome
• PUM1-associated developmental disability, ataxia, seizure syndrome
• QRICH1-related intellectual disability, chondrodysplasia syndrome
• RAB18 deficiency
• Rare non-syndromic intellectual disability
• Recurrent metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmia, intellectual disability syndrome
• Retinitis pigmentosa, intellectual disability, deafness, hypogenitalism syndrome
• Retinitis pigmentosa, juvenile cataract, short stature, intellectual disability syndrome
• Richieri Costa-da Silva syndrome
• Right aortic arch
• Rud's syndrome
• SCARF syndrome
• Seizure, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, intellectual disability, electrolyte imbalance syndrome
• Seizures and intellectual disability due to hydroxylysinuria
• Severe growth deficiency, strabismus, extensive dermal melanocytosis, intellectual disability syndrome
• Severe intellectual disability, agenesis of corpus callosum, facial dysmorphism, cerebellar ataxia syndrome
• Severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, anal anomaly, distal phalangeal hypoplasia syndrome
• Severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, strabismus, coarse face, planovalgus syndrome
• Severe X-linked intellectual disability Gustavson type
• Short ulna, dysmorphism, hypotonia, intellectual disability syndrome
• Skeletal dysplasia with intellectual disability syndrome
• Sleep apnea
• Snyder-Robinson syndrome
• Spastic paraplegia, glaucoma, intellectual disability syndrome
• Spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis syndrome
• Spastic tetraparesis
• Spastic tetraplegia
• Spastic tetraplegia
• Spastic tetraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, intellectual disability syndrome
• Speech delay
• Speech delay
• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, craniosynostosis, cleft palate, cataract and intellectual disability syndrome
• STAG1-related intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, gastroesophageal reflux syndrome
• Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability due to JARID1C mutation
• Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability type 11
• Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability type 7
• Talipes cavus
• Tall stature, intellectual disability, renal anomalies syndrome
• TBCK-related intellectual disability syndrome
• TELO2-related intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder
• Testicular hypofunction
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Tetraparesis
• Third cranial nerve finding
• Thumb stiffness, brachydactyly, intellectual disability syndrome
• Trichothiodystrophy
• Trichothiodystrophy
• Truncal ataxia
• Urban Rogers Meyer syndrome
• Uveal coloboma with cleft lip and palate and intellectual disability syndrome
• Ventricular myocardial noncompaction cardiomyopathy
• Vertical maxillary excess
• Weakness of bilateral lower limb
• Weakness of left lower limb
• Weakness of left upper limb
• Weakness of right lower limb
• Weakness of right upper limb
• Wiedemann Steiner syndrome
• Woodhouse Sakati syndrome
• X-linked colobomatous microphthalmia, microcephaly, intellectual disability, short stature syndrome
• X-linked epilepsy with learning disability and behavior disorder syndrome
• X-linked female restricted facial dysmorphism, short stature, choanal atresia, intellectual disability
• X-linked intellectual disability Abidi type
• X-linked intellectual disability and epilepsy with progressive joint contracture and facial dysmorphism syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability and hypotonia with facial dysmorphism and aggressive behavior syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability Armfield type
• X-linked intellectual disability Brooks type
• X-linked intellectual disability Cabezas type
• X-linked intellectual disability Cantagrel type
• X-linked intellectual disability Cilliers type
• X-linked intellectual disability due to GRIA3 mutations
• X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type
• X-linked intellectual disability hypotonic face syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability Miles Carpenter type
• X-linked intellectual disability Nascimento type
• X-linked intellectual disability Pai type
• X-linked intellectual disability Schimke type
• X-linked intellectual disability Seemanova type
• X-linked intellectual disability Shrimpton type
• X-linked intellectual disability Siderius type
• X-linked intellectual disability Stevenson type
• X-linked intellectual disability Stocco Dos Santos type
• X-linked intellectual disability Stoll type
• X-linked intellectual disability Turner type
• X-linked intellectual disability Van Esch type
• X-linked intellectual disability Wilson type
• X-linked intellectual disability with acromegaly and hyperactivity syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability with ataxia and apraxia syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability with cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability with cubitus valgus and dysmorphism syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability with hypogammaglobulinemia and progressive neurological deterioration syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus
• X-linked intellectual disability with plagiocephaly syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability with seizure and psoriasis syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, cerebellar hypoplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, craniofacioskeletal syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, global development delay, facial dysmorphism, sacral caudal remnant syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, hypogonadism, ichthyosis, obesity, short stature syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, hypotonia, movement disorder syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, limb spasticity, retinal dystrophy, diabetes insipidus syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, macrocephaly, macroorchidism syndrome
• X-linked intellectual disability, short stature, overweight syndrome
• X-linked recessive intellectual disability and macrocephaly with ciliary dysfunction syndrome
• X-linked sensorineural hearing loss
• X-linked spasticity, intellectual disability, epilepsy syndrome
• Young onset Parkinson disease

Clinical Information

• Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

  an autosomal dominant disorder of tooth development characterized by opalescent dentin resulting in discoloration of the teeth. the dentin develops poorly with low mineral content while the pulp canal is obliterated.

• Craniosynostoses

  premature closure of one or more cranial sutures. it often results in plagiocephaly. craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as acrocephalosyndactylia; and craniofacial dysostosis.

• Plagiocephaly

  the condition characterized by uneven or irregular shape of the head often in parallelogram shape with a flat spot on the back or one side of the head. it can either result from the premature cranial suture closure (craniosynostosis) or from external forces (nonsynostotic plagiocephaly).

• Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic

  a deformity of the skull that is not due to bone fusion (synostosis), such as craniosynostoses, and is characterized by an asymmetric skull and face. it is observed with an increased frequency in infants after the adoption of supine sleeping recommendations to prevent sudden infant death syndrome.

• Open Bite

  a condition in which certain opposing teeth fail to establish occlusal contact when the jaws are closed.

• Talipes Cavus

  a foot deformity in which the arch of the foot is high and often the heel adducted.

• Mongolian Spot

  a bluish-gray to gray-brown benign, melanocytic nevus found usually in the lumbosacral region of dark-skinned people, especially those of east asian ancestry. it is usually congenital or appears shortly after birth, and disappears in childhood.

• Hypohidrosis

  abnormally diminished or absent perspiration. both generalized and segmented (reduced or absent sweating in circumscribed locations) forms of the disease are usually associated with other underlying conditions.

• Prune Belly Syndrome

  a syndrome characterized by abdominal wall musculature deficiency, cryptorchism, and urinary tract abnormalities. the syndrome derives its name from its characteristic distended abdomen with wrinkled skin.

• Acromegaly

  a condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive human growth hormone in adults. it is characterized by bony enlargement of the face; lower jaw (prognathism); hands; feet; head; and thorax. the most common etiology is a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. (from joynt, clinical neurology, 1992, ch36, pp79-80)

• Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

  a pituitary tumor that secretes growth hormone. in humans, excess human growth hormone leads to acromegaly.

• Tetralogy of Fallot

  a combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including ventricular septal defects; pulmonary stenosis; right ventricular hypertrophy; and a dextro-positioned aorta. in this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing cyanosis.

• Lumbosacral Region

  region of the back including the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and nearby structures.

• Right Aortic Arch

  an anatomic abnormality that occurs during embryonic development, in which the aortic arch is right-sided.

• Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

  a congenital tooth development disorder caused by mutations in the dspp gene. the teeth are weak, discolored, and translucent.

• ABCA12 wt Allele|ABC12|ARCI4A|ARCI4B|ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 12 wt Allele|ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family A (ABC1), Member 12 Gene|ATP-Binding Cassette, Subfamily A, Member 12 Gene|DKFZP434G232|ICR2B|Ichthyosis Congenita II, Lamellar Ichthyosis B Gene|LI2

  human abca12 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 2q35 and is approximately 207 kb in length. this allele, which encodes glucosylceramide transporter abca12 protein, plays a role in both the membrane localization of glucosylceramide and other lipids in lamellar granules and in cholesterol transport. mutation of the gene is associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (arci) types 4a and 4b (harlequin).

• Lamellar Ichthyosis

  a very rare, autosomal recessive inherited skin disorder present at birth. it is characterized by the presence of a transparent membrane encasing the newborn. this membrane sheds in about two weeks after birth to reveal generalized scaling and skin erythema.

• Grade 2 Hypohidrosis, CTCAE|Grade 2 Hypohidrosis

  symptomatic; limiting instrumental adl

• Grade 3 Hypohidrosis, CTCAE|Grade 3 Hypohidrosis

  increase in body temperature; limiting self care adl

• Grade 4 Hypohidrosis, CTCAE|Grade 4 Hypohidrosis

  heat stroke

• Grade 5 Hypohidrosis, CTCAE|Grade 5 Hypohidrosis

  death

• Hypohidrosis

  reduced sweating. causes include burns, dehydration, radiation, and leprosy.

• Hypohidrosis, CTCAE|Hypohidrosis|Hypohidrosis

  a disorder characterized by reduced sweating.

• Cortical Blindness

  visual impairment due to visual cortex dysfunction.

• Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

  a disorder characterized by recurrent episodic disruptions of breathing during sleep. it is caused by the intermittent relaxation of pharyngeal muscles leading to the narrowing or complete blockage of the upper airway. this results in compensatory arousal from sleep to breathe again. an anatomically narrow airway from body habitus or enlarged pharyngeal structures may also predispose to obstruction. clinical presentation usually includes snoring, daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating and fatigue. clinical course may progress to chronic hypoxemia with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sequelae.

Replacement Code

F78A9 replaces the following previously assigned ICD-10-CM code(s):

• F78 - Other intellectual disabilities

Patient Education

Developmental Disabilities

Developmental disabilities are severe, long-term problems. They may be physical, such as blindness. They may affect mental ability, such as learning disabilities. Or the problem can be both physical and mental, such as Down syndrome. The problems are usually life-long, and can affect everyday living.

There are many causes of developmental disabilities, including:

• Genetic or chromosome abnormalities. These cause conditions such as Down syndrome and Rett syndrome.
• Prenatal exposure to substances. For example, drinking alcohol when pregnant can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
• Certain infections in pregnancy
• Preterm birth

Often there is no cure, but treatment can help the symptoms. Treatments include physical, speech, and occupational therapy. Special education classes and psychological counseling can also help.

NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

[Learn More in MedlinePlus]

Code History

• FY 2024 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2023 through 9/30/2024
• FY 2023 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2022 through 9/30/2023
• FY 2022 - Code Added, effective from 10/1/2021 through 9/30/2022