B58.2 - Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis

Approximate Synonyms

The following clinical terms are approximate synonyms or lay terms that might be used to identify the correct diagnosis code:

• Acquired disseminated toxoplasmosis
• Meningoencephalitis due to acquired toxoplasmosis
• Multisystemic disseminated toxoplasmosis
• Toxoplasma encephalitis

Clinical Information

• Toxoplasmosis-. the acquired form of infection by toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.
• Toxoplasmosis, Animal-. acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus toxoplasma.
• Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral-. infections of the brain caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii that primarily arise in individuals with immunologic deficiency syndromes (see also aids-related opportunistic infections). the infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. clinical manifestations include seizures, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hypertension. (from joynt, clinical neurology, 1998, ch27, pp41-3)
• Toxoplasmosis, Congenital-. prenatal protozoal infection with toxoplasma gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. the severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. clinical features include hydrocephalus; microcephaly; deafness; cerebral calcifications; seizures; and psychomotor retardation. signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (from adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, p735)
• Toxoplasmosis, Ocular-. infection caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. the severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.
• Toxoplasma-. a genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. t. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.
• Adult Acquired Toxoplasmosis-. toxoplasmosis acquired in adulthood.
• Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome 1|AGS1|Cree Encephalitis|Encephalopathy, Familial Infantile, with Intracranial Calcification and Chronic Cerebrospinal Fluid Lymphocytosis|Pseudotoxoplasmosis Syndrome-. a heritable condition, caused by mutation(s) in the trex1 gene, encoding three-prime repair exonuclease 1. clinical features and onset may vary significantly, but is characterized in its most severe form by cerebral atrophy, leukodystrophy, intracranial calcifications, chronic cerebrospinal fluid (csf) lymphocytosis, and increased concentrations of csf alpha-interferon.
• Congenital Toxoplasmosis-. toxoplasma infection that is present from birth.
• Cordonnier Grade 2 Parasitic Complication, Toxoplasmosis Infection without Organ Involvement|Cordonnier Grade 2 Parasitic Complication|Grade 2 Toxoplasmosis Infection without Organ Involvement-. any toxoplasmosis infection without organ involvement.
• Cordonnier Grade 3 Parasitic Complication, Central Nervous System or Other Organ Toxoplasmosis|Grade 3 CNS or Other Organ Toxoplasmosis-. any toxoplasmosis infection with central nervous system involvement or other organ involvement.
• Nephrotic Syndrome - Toxoplasmosis Associated|Toxoplasmosis Associated Nephrotic Syndrome-. nephrotic syndrome associated with a toxoplasmosis infection.
• TORCH Antibody Measurement|Toxoplasmosis, Other Infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus (TORCH) Antibody Panel Measurement-. a group of blood tests used to detect antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus to rule out congenital infections. a group of other infections may be tested as well, including varicella-zoster virus, hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus b19, and syphilis.
• TORCH Syndrome|TORCH Infection|Toxoplasmosis, Other Infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus (TORCH) Syndrome-. a syndrome that results from a group of infections that affect the fetus or the newborn. the group of infections includes toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and other infections. the other infections include varicella-zoster virus, hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus b19, and syphilis. signs and symptoms include fever, feeding difficulties, petechial rash, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis, and microcephaly.
• Toxoplasmosis-. a parasitic disease contracted by the ingestion or fetal transmission of toxoplasma gondii.

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Patient Education

Encephalitis

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Usually the cause is a viral infection, but bacteria can also cause it. It can be mild or severe. Most cases are mild. You may have flu-like symptoms. With a mild case, you may just need rest, plenty of fluids, and a pain reliever.

Severe cases need immediate treatment. Symptoms of severe cases include:

• Severe headache
• Sudden fever
• Drowsiness
• Vomiting
• Confusion
• Seizures

In babies, additional symptoms may include constant crying, poor feeding, body stiffness, and bulging in the soft spots of the skull.

Severe cases may require a stay in the hospital. Treatments include oral and intravenous (IV) medicines to reduce inflammation and treat infection. Patients with breathing difficulties may need artificial respiration. Some people may need physical, speech, and occupational therapy once the illness is under control.

NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Meningitis

Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis. You get it when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare, but can be deadly. It usually starts with bacteria that cause a cold-like infection. It can cause stroke, hearing loss, and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. Pneumococcal infections and meningococcal infections are the most common causes of bacterial meningitis.

Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in people with weak immune systems. Meningitis can get serious very quickly. You should get medical care right away if you have:

• A sudden high fever
• A severe headache
• A stiff neck
• Nausea or vomiting

Early treatment can help prevent serious problems, including death. Tests to diagnose meningitis include blood tests, imaging tests, and a spinal tap to test cerebrospinal fluid. Antibiotics can treat bacterial meningitis. Antiviral medicines may help some types of viral meningitis. Other medicines can help treat symptoms.

There are vaccines to prevent some of the bacterial infections that cause meningitis.

NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. More than 60 million people in the U.S. have the parasite. Most of them don't get sick. But the parasite causes serious problems for some people. These include people with weak immune systems and babies whose mothers become infected for the first time during pregnancy. Problems can include damage to the brain, eyes, and other organs.

You can get toxoplasmosis from :

• Waste from an infected cat
• Eating contaminated meat that is raw or not well cooked
• Using utensils or cutting boards after they've had contact with contaminated raw meat
• Drinking infected water
• Receiving an infected organ transplant or blood transfusion

Most people with toxoplasmosis don't need treatment. There are drugs to treat it for pregnant women and people with weak immune systems.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Code History

• FY 2023 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2022 through 9/30/2023
• FY 2022 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2021 through 9/30/2022
• FY 2021 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2020 through 9/30/2021
• FY 2020 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2019 through 9/30/2020
• FY 2019 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2018 through 9/30/2019
• FY 2018 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2017 through 9/30/2018
• FY 2017 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2016 through 9/30/2017
• FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016 (First year ICD-10-CM implemented into the HIPAA code set)