2024 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code C78.89

Approximate Synonyms

The following clinical terms are approximate synonyms or lay terms that might be used to identify the correct diagnosis code:

• Cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas
• Lymphoma finding
• Lymphoma involves spleen
• Malignant melanoma metastatic to pancreas
• Malignant neoplasm of cardio-esophageal junction of stomach
• Malignant tumor of ampulla of Vater
• Malignant tumor of ampulla of Vater
• Malignant tumor of body of pancreas
• Malignant tumor of body of pancreas
• Malignant tumor of body of stomach
• Malignant tumor of body of stomach
• Malignant tumor of cervical part of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of cervical part of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of endocrine pancreas
• Malignant tumor of endocrine pancreas
• Malignant tumor of fundus of stomach
• Malignant tumor of fundus of stomach
• Malignant tumor of greater curve of stomach
• Malignant tumor of greater curve of stomach
• Malignant tumor of head of pancreas
• Malignant tumor of head of pancreas
• Malignant tumor of lesser curve of stomach
• Malignant tumor of lesser curve of stomach
• Malignant tumor of middle third of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of middle third of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of pyloric antrum
• Malignant tumor of pyloric antrum
• Malignant tumor of pylorus
• Malignant tumor of pylorus
• Malignant tumor of tail of pancreas
• Malignant tumor of tail of pancreas
• Malignant tumor of thoracic part of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of thoracic part of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of tonsil
• Malignant tumor of tonsillar fossa
• Malignant tumor of upper third of esophagus
• Malignant tumor of upper third of esophagus
• Metastatic adenocarcinoma to pancreatic duct
• Metastatic carcinoma to abdominal part of esophagus
• Metastatic carcinoma to ampulla of Vater
• Metastatic carcinoma to biliary tract
• Metastatic carcinoma to body of pancreas
• Metastatic carcinoma to body of stomach
• Metastatic carcinoma to cardia of stomach
• Metastatic carcinoma to cervical part of esophagus
• Metastatic carcinoma to common bile duct
• Metastatic carcinoma to duodenum
• Metastatic carcinoma to endocrine pancreas
• Metastatic carcinoma to extrahepatic bile duct
• Metastatic carcinoma to fundus of stomach
• Metastatic carcinoma to gallbladder
• Metastatic carcinoma to gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract
• Metastatic carcinoma to greater curve of stomach
• Metastatic carcinoma to head of pancreas
• Metastatic carcinoma to lesser curve of stomach
• Metastatic carcinoma to lower third of esophagus
• Metastatic carcinoma to middle third of esophagus
• Metastatic carcinoma to pancreas
• Metastatic carcinoma to pyloric antrum
• Metastatic carcinoma to pylorus
• Metastatic carcinoma to stomach
• Metastatic carcinoma to tail of pancreas
• Metastatic carcinoma to thoracic part of esophagus
• Metastatic carcinoma to upper third of esophagus
• Metastatic cystadenocarcinoma to pancreas
• Metastatic HER2 positive gastroesophageal junction cancer
• Metastatic malignant melanoma
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to abdominal esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to abdominal esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to ampulla of Vater
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to ampulla of Vater
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to biliary tract
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to body of pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to body of pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to body of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to body of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to cardia of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to cardia of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to cervical esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to cervical esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to common bile duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to common bile duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to common bile duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to cystic duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to diaphragm
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to duodenum
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to duodenum
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to extrahepatic bile ducts
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to fundus of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to fundus of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to gallbladder
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to gallbladder
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to gallbladder
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to gastrointestinal tract
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to greater curvature of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to greater curvature of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to head of pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to head of pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to intestinal tract
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to islets of Langerhans
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to islets of Langerhans
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lateral wall of oropharynx
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lateral wall of oropharynx
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lesser curvature of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lesser curvature of stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lower third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lower third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lower third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to middle third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to middle third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to muscle of abdomen
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to muscle of thorax
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to muscle of trunk
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pancreatic duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pancreatic duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pancreatic duct
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pyloric antrum
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pyloric antrum
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pylorus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pylorus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to respiratory and digestive systems
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to small intestine
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to small intestine
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to spleen
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to stomach
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to tail of pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to tail of pancreas
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to thoracic esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to thoracic esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to tonsil
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to tonsillar fossa
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to upper third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to upper third of esophagus
• Metastatic malignant neoplasm to Waldeyer's ring
• Neoplasm of body of pancreas
• Neoplasm of body of pancreas
• Neoplasm of cervical esophagus
• Neoplasm of cervical esophagus
• Neoplasm of cystic duct
• Neoplasm of diaphragm
• Neoplasm of head of pancreas
• Neoplasm of head of pancreas
• Neoplasm of muscle of abdomen
• Neoplasm of muscle of thorax
• Neoplasm of tail of pancreas
• Neoplasm of tail of pancreas
• Neoplasm of tonsillar fossa
• Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
• Secondary carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract
• Tumor invades beyond pancreatic capsule to adjacent structures AND/OR organs
• Tumor invades beyond pancreatic capsule to adjacent structures AND/OR organs
• Tumor invades beyond pancreatic capsule to adjacent structures AND/OR organs
• Tumor invades beyond pancreatic capsule to bile duct
• Tumor invades beyond pancreatic capsule to spleen
• Tumor invades beyond pancreatic capsule to stomach

Clinical Information

• Ampulla of Vater

  a dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

• Esophagogastric Junction

  the area covering the terminal portion of esophagus and the beginning of stomach at the cardiac orifice.

• Barrett Esophagus

  a condition with damage to the lining of the lower esophagus resulting from chronic acid reflux (esophagitis, reflux). through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the intestine or the salmon-pink mucosa of the stomach. barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

• Esophageal Motility Disorders

  disorders affecting the motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter; lower esophageal sphincter; the esophagus body, or a combination of these parts. the failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux). other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus).

• Esophageal Mucosa

  circular innermost layer of the esophagus wall that mediates esophageal peristalsis which pushes ingested food bolus toward the stomach.

• Esophageal Neoplasms

  tumors or cancer of the esophagus.

• Esophagus

  the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

• Acalculous Cholecystitis

  inflammation of the gallbladder wall in the absence of gallstones.

• Biliary Dyskinesia

  a motility disorder characterized by biliary colic, absence of gallstones, and an abnormal gallbladder ejection fraction. it is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or sphincter of oddi dysfunction.

• Cholecystitis

  inflammation of the gallbladder; generally caused by impairment of bile flow, gallstones in the biliary tract, infections, or other diseases.

• Gallbladder

  a storage reservoir for bile secretion. gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the cystic duct to the duodenum, for degradation of dietary lipid.

• Gallbladder Diseases

  diseases of the gallbladder. they generally involve the impairment of bile flow, gallstones in the biliary tract, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.

• Gallbladder Emptying

  a process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. the emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus.

• Gallbladder Neoplasms

  tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.

• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal

  carcinoma that arises from the pancreatic ducts. it accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the pancreas.

• Cystic Fibrosis

  an autosomal recessive genetic disease of the exocrine glands. it is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expressed in several organs including the lung, the pancreas, the biliary system, and the sweat glands. cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in airway obstruction; chronic respiratory infections; pancreatic insufficiency; maldigestion; salt depletion; and heat prostration.

• Insulin Infusion Systems

  portable or implantable devices for infusion of insulin. includes open-loop systems which may be patient-operated or controlled by a pre-set program and are designed for constant delivery of small quantities of insulin, increased during food ingestion, and closed-loop systems which deliver quantities of insulin automatically based on an electronic glucose sensor.

• Islets of Langerhans

  irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas among the exocrine acini. each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. there are four major cell types. the most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete insulin. alpha cells (5-20%) secrete glucagon. pp cells (10-35%) secrete pancreatic polypeptide. delta cells (~5%) secrete somatostatin.

• Nesidioblastosis

  an inherited autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the disorganized formation of new islets in the pancreas and congenital hyperinsulinism. it is due to focal hyperplasia of pancreatic islet cells budding off from the ductal structures and forming new islets of langerhans. mutations in the islet cells involve the potassium channel gene kcnj11 or the atp-binding cassette transporter gene abcc8, both on chromosome 11.

• Pancreas

  a nodular organ in the abdomen that contains a mixture of endocrine glands and exocrine glands. the small endocrine portion consists of the islets of langerhans secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. the large exocrine portion (exocrine pancreas) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the duodenum.

• Pancreas Divisum

  anatomic variants in pancreatic ducts characterized by failure of fusion of the ventral and dorsal endodermal buds. pancreas divisum results in inadequate or no communication between dorsal and ventral ducts. while most cases are asymptomatic, it may be associated with recurrent pancreatitis.

• Pancreas Transplantation

  the transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.

• Pancreas, Artificial

  devices for simulating the activity of the pancreas. they can be either electromechanical, consisting of a glucose sensor, computer, and insulin pump or bioartificial, consisting of isolated islets of langerhans in an artificial membrane.

• Pancreas, Exocrine

  the major component (about 80%) of the pancreas composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. the acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as trypsinogen; lipase; amylase; and ribonuclease. secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the duodenum.

• Pancreatic Neoplasms

  tumors or cancer of the pancreas. depending on the types of islet cells present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells; insulin from pancreatic beta cells; and somatostatin from the somatostatin-secreting cells. most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (insulinoma).

• Pancrelipase

  a preparation of hog pancreatic enzymes standardized for lipase content.

• Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

  an inherited syndrome characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; hematologic abnormalities (e.g., bone marrow hypoplasia), and skeletal abnormalities (e.g., metaphyseal chondroplasia). germline mutations in the sbds gene are associated with shwachman-diamond syndrome.

• Pyloric Stenosis

  narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. a common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (pyloric stenosis, hypertrophic) seen in infants.

• Pylorus

  the region of the stomach at the junction with the duodenum. it is marked by the thickening of circular muscle layers forming the pyloric sphincter to control the opening and closure of the lumen.

• Bariatric Surgery

  surgical procedures aimed at affecting metabolism and producing major weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity.

• Diverticulosis, Stomach

  a pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of gastric diverticula in the stomach.

• Diverticulum, Stomach

  saccular, outward protrusion of all or a portion of the wall of the stomach.

• Gastric Absorption

  uptake of substances via the stomach.

• Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia

  a distinct vascular lesion in the pyloric antrum that is characterized by tortuous dilated blood vessels (ectasia) radiating outward from the pylorus. the vessel pattern resembles the stripes on the surface of a watermelon. this lesion causes both acute and chronic gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

• Gastric Dilatation

  abnormal distention of the stomach due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. gastric dilatation may be the result of gastric outlet obstruction; ileus; gastroparesis; or denervation.

• Gastric Fistula

  abnormal passage communicating with the stomach.

• Gastric Stump

  that portion of the stomach remaining after gastric surgery, usually gastrectomy or gastroenterostomy for cancer of the stomach or peptic ulcer. it is a common site of cancer referred to as stump cancer or carcinoma of the gastric stump.

• Gastrointestinal Contents

  the contents included in all or any segment of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3

  a subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain a single cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphate domain and multiple extracellular fibronectin iii-like domains.

• Stomach

  an organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum.

• Stomach Diseases

  pathological processes involving the stomach.

• Stomach Neoplasms

  tumors or cancer of the stomach.

• Stomach Rupture

  bursting of the stomach.

• Stomach Ulcer

  ulceration of the gastric mucosa due to contact with gastric juice. it is often associated with helicobacter pylori infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids).

• Stomach Volvulus

  twisting of the stomach that may result in gastric ischemia and gastric outlet obstruction. it is often associated with diaphragmatic hernia.

• Stomach, Avian

  a component of the digestive system of birds which consists of the gizzard and proventriculus.

• Stomach, Ruminant

  a component of the digestive system of ruminants which consists of the abomasum; omasum; reticulum; and rumen.

• Lymphoma Finding

  a term that refers to clinicopathologic findings related to lymphomas.

C78.89 is grouped with Diagnostic Related Groups - MS-DRG Mapping

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) are a classification system used to group together diagnosis codes for the purpose of reimbursement and healthcare management. DRGs are used to standardize the way hospitals and other providers are paid for inpatient services. In this system patients are grouped together based on their principal diagnosis in areas referred to as Major Diagnostic Categories (MDC). Once a patient is assigned a particular diagnostic category, providers receive a predetermined payment rate for the services rendered. This reimbursement rate is often fixed and is meant to cover the cost of care for that patient. Reimbursement is also affected by the relative weight of a diagnostic related group based on the severity of a patient's illness and the associated cost of care during hospitalization.

Diagnostic related groups encourage healthcare providers to focus on quality and efficiency in patient care while managing costs effectively. The diagnosis code is present in the following groups for version MS-DRG V41.0 applicable from 10/01/2023 through 09/30/2024.

The relative weight of a diagnostic related group determines the reimbursement rate based on the severity of a patient's illness and the associated cost of care during hospitalization.

Convert C78.89 to ICD-9-CM

• ICD-9-CM Code: 197.8 - Sec mal neo GI NEC
  Approximate Flag - The approximate mapping means there is not an exact match between the ICD-10 and ICD-9 codes and the mapped code is not a precise representation of the original code.

Table of Neoplasms

This code is referenced in the table of neoplasms by anatomical site. For each site there are six possible code numbers according to whether the neoplasm in question is malignant, benign, in situ, of uncertain behavior, or of unspecified nature. The description of the neoplasm will often indicate which of the six columns is appropriate.

Where such descriptors are not present, the remainder of the Index should be consulted where guidance is given to the appropriate column for each morphological (histological) variety listed. However, the guidance in the Index can be overridden if one of the descriptors mentioned above is present.

Patient Education

Cancer

Cancer begins in your cells, which are the building blocks of your body. Normally, your body forms new cells as you need them, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes this process goes wrong. New cells grow even when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer while malignant ones are. Cells from malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of the body.

Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for where they start. For example, lung cancer starts in the lung, and breast cancer starts in the breast. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis. Symptoms and treatment depend on the cancer type and how advanced it is. Most treatment plans may include surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. Some may involve hormone therapy, immunotherapy or other types of biologic therapy, or stem cell transplantation.

NIH: National Cancer Institute

Code History

• FY 2024 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2023 through 9/30/2024
• FY 2023 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2022 through 9/30/2023
• FY 2022 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2021 through 9/30/2022
• FY 2021 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2020 through 9/30/2021
• FY 2020 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2019 through 9/30/2020
• FY 2019 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2018 through 9/30/2019
• FY 2018 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2017 through 9/30/2018
• FY 2017 - No Change, effective from 10/1/2016 through 9/30/2017
• FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. This was the first year ICD-10-CM was implemented into the HIPAA code set.